Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of thyroid microcarcinoma.Methods :The clinical data of 52 cases of thyroid microcarcinoma operated from 2003 to 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:All of the 52 cases were confirmed as thyroid microcarcinoma by postoperative pathologic exam; 30 cases (57.7%) were discovered by intraoperative frozen section and 22 cases were not. Microcalcification ratio on ultrasound was 35.19%. 11 cases were diagnosed as malignant tumor on ultrasound scan preoperatively. Lobectomy of involved lobe with subtotal thyroidectomy of contralateral lobe was performed in 38 cases, 3 cases of bilateral total thyroidectomy, 3 cases of unilateral lobectomy and isthmectomy, 5 cases of ipsilateral subtotal lobectomy and 3 cases of ipsilateral lobectomy with isthmectomy were performed. Combined central region lymph nodes dissection was adopted in 27 cases (positive 11/27，40.74%). Followup rate was 96.2%, with time ranging from 3 months to 5 years. No recurrence or mortality was discovered.Conclusions:(1)B type ultrasound is the first choice for preoperative screening. (2) lpsilateral thyroid lobectomy with contralateral subtotal thyroidectomy combined with central region lymph node dissection is advocated.