Objective: To assess the arterial intimal changes of rats, which were injured with intra-arterial injection of distilled water and fed with high-fat diets, for a further understanding of the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis obliterans. Methods: After distilled water was injected into the left side of femoropopliteal artery form the non-mechanical, superficial injury, rats were fed with high-fat diets. At 7, 15, 30 and 90 d after the intimal injury, the femoropopliteal artery of the left hind limb was excised. HE and other staining were performed, and the results were observed by light microscope. Results: A large number of endothelial cells exfoliated after 7 d; endothelial cells completely exfoliated after 15 d. Endothelial thickening and lumen stenosis was observed after 30 d and endothelial thickening, partial calcification, thrombus formation and luminal occlusion were noted after 90 d. Conclusion: Injection of distilled water into the femoropopliteal artery of rats, and then fed with high-fat diets can form an arteriosclerosis obliterans model in a relatively short period of time.