Objective: To investigate the advantages and disadvantages of three types of autogenous arteriovenous (AV) fistulas for hemodialysis, so as to provide guidance for their clinical application and maintenance. Methods: Sixty-three patients undergoing autogenous AV fistula procedures were divided into snuff-box AV fistula group (20 cases), wrist AV fistula group (25 cases) and elbow AV fistula group (18 cases) according to the type of AV fistula. The incidences of postoperative thrombosis, pseudoaneurysm formation and high-output heart failure, and the average anastomosis diameter and blood flow volume through AV fistula of the three groups were analyzed and compared. Results: In the entire group, postoperative thrombosis developed in 7 patients and their dialysis treatments were continued after removal of the embolus. Of these patients, 5 cases in wrist AV fistula group progressed to fistula failure within one year after operation, and then were switched to perform a contralateral forearm AV or elbow AV. One case each in wrist AV fistula group and elbow AV fistula group developed high-output heart failure which was alleviated by narrowing the anastomotic diameter. Color ultrasound examination one year after operation showed that the AV fistula blood flow of each group was more than 300 mL/min. Comparison among the three groups showed that the incidence of postoperative thrombosis in wrist AV fistula group (5/25) was higher than that in snuff-box AV fistula group (1/20) and elbow AV fistula group (1/18), and the incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation in elbow AV fistula group (7/18) was higher than that in snuff-box AV fistula group (2/20) and wrist AV fistula group (3/25) (all P<0.05), while the incidences of high-output heart failure had no obvious difference among them (P>0.05); the anastomosis diameter and AV blood flow volume in elbow AV fistula group were both higher than those in snuff-box AV fistula group and wrist AV fistula group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Snuff-box AV fistula should be the first choice for patients with satisfactory vascular access, while elbow AV fistula can be used for those with poor vascular access or with forearm fistula failure.