Objective: To investigate the influence exerted by greater splanchnic nerve transection on the pathophysiological process of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) in dogs. Methods: Twenty healthy mongrel dogs were randomly selected into sham operation group (n=4), ANP model group (model group, n=8) and ANP model with bilateral greater splanchnic nerve blockage group (GSNB group, n=8). The ANP model was induced by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate and trypsin into the pancreatic duct, and dogs in GSNB group underwent bilateral greater splanchnic nerve transection immediately after ANP induction. After surgery, the serum levels of pancreatic amylase (AMY), calcium, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HCRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were monitored dynamically, and at postoperative day 7, all the animals were sacrificed and the pathological examinations were performed. Results: The results of repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that the serum AMY level was significantly increased, calcium level was significantly decreased, and the levels of HCRP, TNF-α and IL-10 were significantly increased in either model group or GSNB group versus sham operation group (all P<0.01); no significant difference was noted in AMY level between model group and GSNB group, but the serum levels of HCRP and TNF-α were lower and serum levels of calcium and IL-10 were higher in GSNB group than those in model group (all P<0.05). The gross and microscopic pathological findings showed that dogs in both model group and GSNB had typical ANP changes, but the severity of the pathological changes in GSNB group was milder than that of model group. Conclusion: Greater splanchnic nerve transection can alleviate development of pathological process in ANP dogs.