Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of stent-assisted angioplasty for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS). Methods: The clinical data of 27 ARAS patients undergoing stent-assisted angioplasty over 3 years were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were regularly followed after surgery (1 month, and 3, 6, and 12 months, postoperatively), for determination of the stenosis ratio of the renal artery, renal arterial resistive index (RI), blood pressure, serum creatinine (SCr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and number of antihypertensive drugs required. Results: Operation was successfully performed in all the 27 patients, and technical success rate was 100%. All the observed parameters of the patients were markedly improved at each observation time point after surgery, and all differences between pre- and post-operative parameters reached statistical significance (all P<0.05). During the 1-year follow-up, the incidence for restenosis of the renal artery was 14.8% (4/27), improvement rates for SCr and GFR were 92.6% (25/27), 85.2% (23/27), 74.1% (20/27), 66.7% (18/27) and 81.5% (22/27) respectively, and number of antihypertensive drugs used was decreased 63.0% (17/27). Conclusion: Application of stent-assisted angioplasty can significantly improve renal function, decrease blood pressure and also reduce the number of antihypertensive medications in ARAS patients, and it has satisfactory safety and efficacy results.