For prevention of the bypass vein graft stenosis, the gene-level investigations are obviously of great importance. This paper reviews the current literature regarding the gene-level investigations on vein graft stenosis, both at home and abroad. Its main focus is on the studies towards application of the genes involved in reendothelialization acceleration, anti-thrombosis, and inhibition of the vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation or extracellular matrix deposition, as well as multi-gene combination for vein graft restenosis. There is also a speculation on the direction of future development in this field.