Objective: To observe the changes of coagulation status in portal vein and peripheral blood in rabbits with chronic biliary infection. Methods: Twenty-four healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were equally randomized into model group and control group. All rabbits underwent indwelling cystic duct catheterization, and the rabbits in model group were subjected to E. Coli solution injection via the indwelling catheter, weekly for 3 weeks, while those in control group received normal saline instead in the same fashion. On the third day after the last injection, blood samples were taken from the marginal ear vein and portal vein of the rabbits in both groups, and liver tissues adjacent to the first porta were harvested; the blood clotting functions and D-dimer (DD) levels in the blood samples from the two sites were measured, and the pathological alteration in the portal veins were observed. Results: After model creation, rabbits in model group presented with decreased food intake, increased rectal temperature and reduced body weight, while these general conditions of those in control group showed no obvious change. Compared with control group, the blood from the marginal ear vein of model group showed that the DD level was significantly increased (P<0.01), but the indexes that included coagulation time (CT), prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplaslin time (APTT) were not significantly changed (all P>0.05), while the blood from the portal vein of model group showed significantly increased DD level, but the CT, PT and APTT levels were all significantly shortened (all P<0.01). The pathological findings showed that there was small thrombus formation in portal vein in model group, which was not noted in control group. Conclusion: Chronic biliary tract infection can result in local hypercoagulation status and microthrombosis in portal venous system, and detection of the peripheral blood DD level may have certain significance for diagnosis of biliary infection with portal vein thrombosis.