In recent years, the healthy disease-free viewpoint and right-protection awareness have been increasingly growing among Chinese population, so they put forward higher requirements for the diagnosis and treatment of their diseases. Despite doctors trying their best to meet the requirements of the patients, once the complications inevitably arise, the patients and their families may resort to legal action, even to violence in order to gain compensation. Under the current healthcare environment, doctors should strive to avoid the occurrence of medical disputes, for which the essential strategy not only depends on the accumulation of professional knowledge and improvement of technique of the doctors, but further relies on good doctor-patient communication. Here, the authors, based on the characteristics of thyroid diseases and surgery, related laws and regulations, relevant case examples, and their own clinical experience, summarize the issues on how to make a good communication before thyroid surgery, with the purpose of helping raise the doctor-patient trust and improve the current tense doctor-patient relationship.