Mutation in V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) gene is the most common genetic event in thyroid cancer, particularly in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Recent investigations indicate that BRAF V600E gene mutation is closely related to the occurrence and development of PTC. Further, as an effective risk-predicting molecular marker for PTC, it can help surgeons make personalized treatment plan for PTC patients. Here, the authors present the recent progress involving the relationship between PTC and BRAF gene.