Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine tumor. In recent years, several advances have been made in the field of molecular biology and tumorigenic mechanisms of thyroid carcinomas, and targeted therapy research will provide new ideas for treating thyroid carcinoma. In this paper, the authors address the research progress of targeted therapy for thyroid carcinomas and includes the aspects of thyroid carcinoma stem cells, miRNA, and the microenvironment of thyroid cancer.