Objective: To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of serum procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in reflux cholangitis. Methods: The clinical data of 40 patients with reflux cholangitis treated during January 2010 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. In all patients, blood culture and bile bacterial culture were performed before treatment, and the serum PCT and CRP as well as white blood cells (WBC) were measured before and 4 d after therapy. The difference in positive detection rate among all parameters before treatment, and the pre- and post-treatment changes in levels of PCT, CRP and WBC were compared; patients were grouped according to whether their infection was controlled or not, and then the relations of whether the infection controlled or not with the post- to pretreatment ratios of PCT, CRP and WBC were determined by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Results: Before treatment, the positive detection rate of PCT, CRP, WBC, blood culture and bile bacterial culture was 92.5%, 87.5%, 57.5%, 25.0% and 100.0% respectively, and the positive detection rates of PCT and CRP had no significant difference (P=0.709), but both were significantly higher than that of WBC or blood culture (all P<0.05). Compared with pretreatment value, either PCT or CRP level was significantly reduced (both P<0.05), but the WBC had no significant change (P>0.05), the area under ROC in estimating infection control or not for PCT ratio was 0.827 (95% CI=0.724–0.929, P<0.001), with a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 77.5%, and for CRP ratio was 0.764 (95% CI=0.644–0.883, P<0.001), with a sensitivity of 92.5% and specificity of 60.5%, but which for WBC ratio showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: Serum PCT and CRP levels are sensitive indicators for diagnosis of reflux cholangitis, and their alterations have an important reference value for estimating whether the infection is controlled or uncontrolled.