Objective: To study the relationship between aortic dissection and obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods: A total of 41 aortic dissection patients with hypertension (study group) and 41 hypertensive patients (control group) of similar age, sex, and body mass index were studied by clinical questionnaire and polysomnography. Results: The prevalence of OSAHS in the aortic dissection group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The aortic dissection patients complicated with OSAHS had a higher AHI and lower average oxygen saturation (P <0.05). Conclusion: Obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome may be a risk factor for aortic dissection.