Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an urgent clinical condition with high mortality, and its pathogenesis is complicated and has not been elucidated so far. Recent investigations found that the features of participation of a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) family in inflammatory factor release and degradation of extracellular matrix suggest their involvement in the onset of AAA; miRNAs may also play regulatory roles in occurrence of AAA, because of their specific expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of the VSMCs through the signaling pathways, targeted regulation of inflammatory cell differentiation and the release of inflammatory cytokines, and regulating extracelluar matrix protein expressions. The authors, in this paper, address the actions of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in AAA and the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of AAA.