Objective: To investigate the expression of miR-150 and miR-134 in colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma and evaluate the significance. Methods: The miR-150 and miR-134 expressions in 40 tissue specimens of colorectal cancer along with their adjacent normal mucosa and 29 tissue specimens of colorectal adenoma were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: Compared with normal mucosal tissue, the miR-150 expression was significantly increased in colorectal adenoma, while was significantly decreased in colorectal cancer (both P<0.05); the miR-134 expression was significantly decreased in colorectal adenoma (P<0.05), but showed no obvious difference in colorectal cancer (P>0.05). The miR-150 expression level was significantly related to the histological type and degree of differentiation of colorectal cancer (P=0.033, P=0.041), while the miR-150 expression level was irrelevant to any of the clinicopathologic factors of colorectal cancer (all P>0.05). Conclusion: miR-150 expression is down-regulated in colorectal cancer, suggesting that miR-150 may probably have a potential anti-tumor activity; both miR-150 and miR-134 expression are abnormal in colorectal adenoma, suggesting that they may be closely related to the occurrence of colorectal adenoma.