Objective: To determine the relevant factors in pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer, so as to provide a theoretical reference for preventing and controlling the development of this disease. Methods: The clinical records of 802 patients with gallbladder cancer (gallbladder cancer group) admitted to the Department of hepatobiliary surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xian Jiaotong University from February 2008 to March 2013 were reviewed, and 815 non-gallblader cancer patients (excluding the population and diseases that had obvious relevance to the studied varibles) admitted during the same period served as control. Using a case-control design, the relevant risk factors for gallbladder cancer were analyzed. Results: After independent variable assessment by univariate analysis, multivariate Logistic regression was conducted and the results demonstrated that age (50–70), occupation (farmer), body mass index (≥27), gestational number (≥3), age of menopause (>50), blood type (type A), history of cholecystolithiasis and chronic cholecystitis were the independent risk factors for the occurrence of gallbladder cancer (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The above factors may provide reference for the specific case in clinical practice, and facilitate early detection and therapy of gallbladder cancer.