Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of combined anticoagulation and antiplatelet aggregation therapy in prevention of restenosis after stent placement for leg atherosclerosis obliterans in diabetic patients. Methods: Sixty-one diabetic patients with lower limb atherosclerosis obliterans were designated to observational group (30 cases) and control group (31 cases). Patients in observational group received warfarin plus cilostazol regimen, and aspirin plus cilostazol regimen was used in those in control group. Follow-up was performed for one year, and the incidence of restenosis and other relevant variables were compared between the two groups. Results: The preoperative data were comparable between the two groups. During follow-up, the postoperative incidence of restenosis, late lumen loss and plasma D-dimer level in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (all P<0.05), while preoperative platelet aggregation rate, and blood glucose/lipid-related parameters as well as incidence of bleeding events showed no significant difference between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Combined anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy for prophylaxis of restenosis after stent placement for leg atherosclerosis obliterans in diabetic patients is safe and effective, so it is recommended to be used in clinical practice.