Objective: To investigate the expression of BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 7 (BTBD7) pseudogene 1 (BTBD7P1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its action. Methods: The BTBD7P1 mRNA expressions in 106 paired specimens of HCC tissue and its adjacent tissue were determined, and the relations of BTBD7P1 mRNA expression with the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of the HCC patients were analyzed. In HCC Bel7404 cells after transfected with BTBD7P1 overexpression lentiviral vectors, the proliferation and expressions of BTBD7 mRNA and protein were measured. Results: The relative expression level of BTBD7P1 mRNA in HCC tissue was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissue (0.71 vs. 2.14, P<0.05); lower expression of BTBD7P1 was significantly associated with tumor size, satellite lesions, degree of differentiation, vascular invasion, hemorrhagic necrosis, and stage of HCC (all P<0.05); the 1-, 3- and 5-year overall and tumor-free survival rates in patients with low BTBD7P1 mRNA expression were significantly lower than those in patients with higher BTBD7P1 mRNA expression (both P<0.05). In Bel7404 cells transfected with BTBD7P1 overexpression lentiviral vectors, the cell proliferation was significantly decreased and the BTBD7 mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated (both P<0.05), but BTBD7 protein expression showed no significant change (P>0.05) compared with control Bel7404 cells transfected with empty vectors. Conclusion: BTBD7P1 may probably regulate the expression of its parental gene BTBD7 at mRNA level and thereby participate in the occurrence and development of HCC.