Nodular goiter is a common disease in the field of general surgery, and has a high postoperative recurrence rate, which poses a challenge for following treatment. Nevertheless, standardized postoperative thyroxine treatment can effectively reduce postoperative recurrence of the nodular goiter by inhibiting the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) of the patients and controlling it at a proper level after operation. Here, the authors address the progress of postoperative TSH suppressive therapy for nodular goiter patients.