Objective: To investigate the application efficacy of 3D printing technology in precision resection of liver tumors. Methods: Thirty patients with liver tumors admitted from May 2016 to May 2017 were enrolled and randomly designated to control group and observation group, with 15 cases in each group. Patients in control group underwent preoperative assessment and surgical treatment plan decision-making based on the image data of CT examination, those in observation group received liver 3D reconstructions of the CT images, which were imported into the 3D printer to create a 1:0.6 liver physical model, and then underwent liver anatomical analysis, preoperative simulation, and surgical plan-making. The main clinical variables between the two groups of patients were compared. Results: The preoperative data were comparable between the two groups of patients. In observation group compared with control group, the average operative time (71 min vs. 83 min), time of hepatic portal occlusion (50.1 min vs. 54.7 min), the estimated blood loss (103.9 mL vs. 121.2 mL), length of hospital stay (18.9 d vs. 20.4 d) were all significantly reduced (all P<0.05), the overall incidence of complications (6.7% vs. 20.0%) was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and all the liver function parameters showed superior values (all P<0.05). Follow-up was conducted for 1 month to 12 months, lung metastases occurred in one case, and progression-free survival was seen in all the remaining cases. Conclusion: 3D printing technology can effectively help precision treatment in patients with liver tumors, improve the surgical success rates and reduce surgical complications, and thereby facilitate the postoperative recovery of the patients.