Pancreatic cystic neoplasms account for 10% to 15% of all pancreatic cystic lesions, and their detection rates are increasingly rising with use of advanced imaging techniques and development of medical technologies. They are mostly benign or low-grade malignant tumors with the possibility of malignant transformation, and require surgical resection, and are also suitable for minimally invasive surgery. However, pancreatic surgery is still a high-risk procedure due to high complication rates, and precise early diagnosis is crucial for ensuring correct treatment. For most pancreatic cystic neoplasms, enhanced pancreatic CT or if necessary, in combination with MRCP or MRI is sufficient to achieve a correct diagnosis. Endoscopic ultrasonography plus puncture aspiration is helpful for diagnosis confirmation and determining the timing of surgery. The choice of surgical procedures mainly depends on the location and nature of the tumors.