置入式胰肠吻合对减少腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的临床价值分析:附69例报告
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秦仁义, Email: ryqin@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn

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 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81301860)。


Clinical value of imbedding pancreaticojejunostomy in reducing pancreatic fistula after laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy: a report of 69 cases
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    摘要:

    背景与目的:胰瘘是胰腺术后常见的并发症,可以导致腹腔出血、腹腔感染,甚至可导致患者死亡。腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术(LPD)作为目前广泛开展的胰腺手术方式,相比传统的开腹手术具有住院时间短、较低失血量和较高长期总体生存率的优势,但仍然有较高的术后胰瘘发生率。消化道重建中的胰肠吻合与术后出血、胰瘘等严重并发症密切相关,也是目前被重点关注和不断改进的节点。目前众多的胰肠吻合方式中,胰腺导管对空肠黏膜吻合是国际上广泛认可的胰腺吻合方式,然而LPD过程中行胰腺导管对空肠黏膜吻合技术难度大,术后胰瘘风险仍然高。置入式胰肠吻合法是笔者团队经过多年的探索,建立的一种新的胰肠吻合方式,本研究讨该方法对减少LPD术后胰瘘发生的临床价值。
    方法:回顾性分析2018年1月—2018年12月期间由同一手术小组施行的采用置入式胰肠吻合的69行LPD术患者临床资料。收集患者的一般资料(年龄、性别)、围手术期相关指标(总手术时间、胰肠吻合时间、术中失血量及术后胰瘘、胆汁漏、出血、腹腔感染等并发症、病理结果)并进行分析。
    结果:所有69例患者均顺利完成LPD,4例联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除和(或)修补。总手术时间为(264.5±27.2)min,胰肠吻合时间为(25.7±7.2)min,术中出血(85.5±19.5)mL。术后发生胰瘘2例(2.9%),包括B、C级瘘各1例;术后胆汁漏1例(1.4%),经加强营养及抑制消化液分泌等非手术治疗后愈合;术后腹腔出血2例(2.8%),1例经过静脉输入止血药、输血治疗后获得止血效果,1例经过静脉输入止血药、输血及介入治疗后获得止血效果;1例(1.5%)出现腹腔感染,和胰瘘相关,通过调整腹腔引流管和腹腔穿刺置管引流后痊愈。术后平均住院时间为(15.7±1.3)d。术后病理结果显示,胰头癌23例,胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤6例,胰腺实性假乳头状瘤3例,胰腺导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤1例,十二指肠乳头癌21例,壶腹癌7例,胆总管末端癌8例。
    结论:置入式胰肠吻合法可以有效降低LPD后胰瘘的发生率及相关并发症的发生率,更符合腹腔镜下操作,是一种可靠的胰肠吻合方法,推荐临床推广应用。

    Abstract:

    Background and Aims: Pancreatic fistula is a common complication after pancreatectomy, which can lead to abdominal hemorrhage or infections and even death of the patients. Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is a widely used pancreatic surgery. Compared with traditional open surgery LPD has the advantages of shorter hospital stay, lower blood loss and higher overall long-term survival rate, but it still has a high incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula. Pancreaticojejunostomy for digestive tract reconstruction is closely related to the serious complications such as postoperative hemorrhage and pancreatic fistula, which is also a key point being focused on and continuously improved. Among many pancreaticojejunostomy methods, anastomosis of the pancreatic duct and jejunal mucosa is a widely accepted anastomotic method in the world at present time. However, pancreatic duct-to-jejunal mucosa anastomosis has a significant degree of technical difficulty during LPD, and the risk of pancreatic fistula is still high. Imbedding pancreaticojejunostomy is a new anastomotic method developed by the author's team after years of exploration and practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of this method in reducing the incidence of pancreatic fistula after LPD. 
    Methods: The clinical data of 69 patients who received imbedding pancreaticojejunostomy during LPD from January 2018 to December 2018 were reviewed. The general data (age, sex), perioperative variables (total operative time, operative time for pancreaticojejunostomy, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications such as pancreatic fistula, bile leakage, bleeding, abdominal infection, and pathological results) were collected and analyzed. 
    Results: LPD was successfully performed in all the 69 patients, and 4 patients received a combined portal vein/superior mesenteric vein resection and (or) repair. The total operative time was (264.5±27.2) min, the operative time for pancreaticojejunostomy was (25.7±7.2) min, and the intraoperative blood loss was (85.5±19.5) mL. Postoperative pancreatic fistula occurred in 2 patients, including grade B and grade C pancreatic fistula in each case; postoperative bile leakage occurred in 1 patient (1.4%), which healed after non-surgical treatment, such as strengthening the nutrition and inhibiting the secretion of digestive fluid; postoperative abdominal hemorrhage occurred in 2 patients (2.8%), of whom, the bleeding was control in one case by intravenous infusion of hemostatic drugs and blood transfusion, and in the other case by intravenous infusion of hemostatic drugs, blood transfusion and interventional therapy; abdominal infection occurred in 1 patient (1.5%), which was related to pancreatic fistula, and was cured by adjusting abdominal drainage tube and abdominal puncture drainage tube. The average length of postoperative hospital stay was (15.7±1.3) d. The postoperative pathology showed that there were 23 cases of pancreatic head cancer, 6 cases of pancreatic serous cystadenoma, 3 cases of solid pseudopapilloma, 1 case of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor, 21 cases of duodenal papillary carcinoma, 7 cases of ampullary carcinoma and 8 cases of distal common bile duct carcinoma.
    Conclusion: Imbedding pancreaticojejunostomy can effectively reduce the incidence rates of pancreatic fistula and other related complications after LPD, which is more suitable for laparoscopic operation, and is a reliable method of pancreaticojejunostomy. So, it is recommended to be widely used in clinical practice. 

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石程剑, 朱峰, 王敏, 田锐, 张航, 秦仁义.置入式胰肠吻合对减少腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的临床价值分析:附69例报告[J].中国普通外科杂志,2020,29(9):1045-1050.
DOI:10.7659/j. issn.1005-6947.2020.09.003

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  • 收稿日期:2019-12-10
  • 最后修改日期:2020-03-05
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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-09-25