支架自显影定位法体外开窗技术在主动脉弓部腔内修复术中的应用:附113例国际多中心病例回顾性分析
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舒畅, Email: changshu01@yahoo.com;李鑫, Email: lixin1981@CSU.edu.cn

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北京市科技计划基金资助项目(2017-BKJ04);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2020JJ2054)。


Application of self-radiopaque markers guiding physician-modified fenestration in aortic arch endovascular repair: an international multi-center retrospective analysis of 113 cases
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    摘要:

    背景与目的:胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)已成为治疗降主动脉疾病的一线治疗方式。在治疗累及主动脉弓部疾病时,体外开窗(PMF)是目前常用于重建弓部分支动脉的技术之一。它是指在选择合适的主动脉覆膜支架后,根据弓上分支动脉的位置,在覆膜支架相应位置上除去覆膜,建立人造的“窗孔”,在将有窗孔的大动脉支架准确对位释放后再释放分支支架。本文介绍一种利用主动脉支架本身所携带的不透X线标志快速、准确地将窗孔与分支动脉开口对准的开窗方法—支架自显影定位PMF技术(S-F技术),并通过总结利用该方法进行TEVAR的一组患者临床资料和手术以及随访数据,探讨利用S-F技术在主动脉弓部疾病腔内治疗中的技术特点和其应用价值。
    方法:回顾性分析2015年12月—2020年6月利用S-F技术行TEVAR治疗的中国湖南中南大学湘雅二医院血管外科和其他7个国家的国家级血管外科中心共113例主动脉弓部疾病患者的基本数据、术中技术数据和术后随访数据。
    结果:患者均根据S-F技术的操作标准流程进行的TEVAR,即时手术成功率为100%,共植入胸主动脉覆膜支架118枚,其中植入桥接支架35例。手术时间(62.9±17.4)min,X线操作时间(23.1±9.8)min,造影剂用量(81.2±22.5)mL。术中开窗对位准确率为98.2%。补救性植入烟囱支架1例(0.9%),矫正后对位回准1例(0.9%)。开窗同时保留弓上三分支动脉2例(1.8%),开窗同时保留左颈总动脉(LCCA)和左锁骨下动脉(LSA)6例(5.3%),保留LSA 110例(97.3%)。术后1个月内无死亡病例,无严重并发症发生。术后1周复查发现Ⅰ型内漏7例(6.2%)。随访时间中位时间24.5个月,死亡2例(1.8%);术后分支动脉闭塞3例(2.7%),分别发生在术后3个月(2例)和术后6个月(1例)。
    结论:S-F技术为治疗累及主动脉弓部疾病重建弓上分支动脉提供了一种可供选择的方法,是全腔内重建主动脉弓部方法技术上的一项进步。

    Abstract:

    Background and Aims: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has already become the “first-line” treatment for descending aorta pathologies. For lesions involving the aortic arch, physician modified fenestration (PMF) is one of the frequently used techniques for reconstruction of the branch arteries of the aortic arch at present, which refers that the artificial fenestrations are created by removing the membrane of the aortic stent-graft to correspond with the locations of branch arteries after selection of the proper aortic covered stent, and branch vessel stents are deployed through the fenestration-bearing stent in the large artery after it is accurately positioned. This article introduces a PMF method for fast and accurate positioning of the fenestrations corresponding to the branch vessels using the self-contained radiopaque markers of the aortic stent-graft—self-radiopaque marker guiding PMF (S-F PMF), and meanwhile to investigate the technical characteristics and clinical value of using S-F PMF in endovascular treatment of aortic arch pathologies by analyzing the clinical, surgical and follow-up data of a cohort of patients who underwent TEVAR with S-F PMF.  
    Methods: The general clinical information, intraoperative technical data and follow-up results of 113 patients with aortic arch diseases who underwent the TEVAR using S-F PMF in the Second Xinagya Hospital of Central South University in China's Hunan province and other state-level cardiovascular centers from 7 different countries during December 2015 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. 
    Results: The standard S-F PMF TEVAR procedure was performed in all patients, and the instant success rate of the maneuver was 100%. A total of 118 aortic stent-grafts were implanted in these patients with bridging stents implanted in 35 cases. The operative time was (62.9±17.4) min, time for X-ray procedure was (23.1±9.8) min, the volume of contrast agent used was (81.2±22.5) mL. The accurate positioning rate of fenestration was 98.2%. A bailout stent-graft insertion was performed by chimney technique in one case (0.9%), and a malpositioned opening was successfully corrected in one case (0.9%). Two patients (1.8%) had successful fenestration for simultaneous preservation of the three supra-arch branch arteries, 6 patients (5.3%) had fenestration for simultaneous preservation of  the left command carotid artery (LCCA) and the left subclavian artery (LSA), and the LAS was preserved in 110 patients (97.3%). There is no death and serious complications occurred within 30 d after TEVAR. Type I endoleak was noticed in 7 patients (6.2%). The median follow-up time was 24.5 months. death occurred in 2 patients (1.8%), and occlusion of the branch arteries occurred in 3 patients (2.7%) in postoperative 3 months (2 cases) and 6 months (1 case).
    Conclusion: The S-F PMF is an alternative method for reconstruction of supra-arch branches in the treatment of lesion involving the aortic arch. It is a technical progress in methods of total endovascular reconstruction of aortic arch.

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舒畅, 李鑫, 李全明, 何昊, 黎明, 王暾, 杨晨紫, 王沫, 周海洋, José Fernando Teixeira, Suko Adiarto, Tao Fan, Bogdan Cherpark, Imaev Timur, Makhkamov Najmiddin, Pavel Charnahlaz, Giorgi Kheladze.支架自显影定位法体外开窗技术在主动脉弓部腔内修复术中的应用:附113例国际多中心病例回顾性分析[J].中国普通外科杂志,2020,29(12):1426-1434.
DOI:10.7659/j. issn.1005-6947.2020.12.003

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  • 收稿日期:2020-10-26
  • 最后修改日期:2020-11-18
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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-12-25