Stone disease accounts for the highest proportion among the disorders of the biliary system in our country. It is characterized by complex pathologies, high relapse rates, low cure rates and multiple complications. In its advanced stage, the end-stage biliary disease such as biliary cirrhosis, portal hypertension and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma may occur, so it has long been an intractable problem in the field of hepatobiliary surgery. In recent years, there are increasing reports of using various minimally invasive procedures in the treatment of cholelithiasis, and the development of minimally invasive techniques represented by laparoscopy and endoscopy has opened up a new era for the treatment of this condition. Here, the authors present a review of the systemaltization and progress of minimally invasive management of cholelithiasis guided by the “three-approach” theory in the new period based on the experience of our own team and related literature.