The birth of modern surgery is attributed to the continuous accumulation of knowledge in human anatomy, and the rapid development of surgery also promotes in-depth understanding of fine organ anatomy. The liver as the largest solid organ in the human body has a unique dual blood supply system and complex intrahepatic vascular structures, make it prone to uncontrollable bleeding during surgery. Therefore, liver surgery has long been one of the most difficult operations in general surgery and requires a longer learning curve. In the past 30 years, with the rapid popularity of laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH), surgeons have discovered that the use of liver membrane structures, to which insufficient attention has been paid previously, can more conveniently and accurately dissect the internal and external vessels of the liver and locate the liver plane, and reduce intraoperative bleeding. At present, there are not many systematic explanations focusing on the application of liver membrane structure in LH. Therefore, the authors address the issues in this field.