Abstract:Objective:To explore the relationship of hepatocholangiocarcinoma and hepatolithiasis and to increase the early diagnosis of this disease. Methods:The clinical data of 24 cases of hepatocholangiocacinoma associated with hepatolithiasis were retrospectively analyzed. Results:The occurrence rate of hepatolithiasis concomitant with hepatocholangiocarcinoma was 2.8%(24 of 860 cases)，and all of the tumors were located in the area of the bile duct with hepatolithiasis. Biliary atypical epithelial hyperplasia and cholangiocarcinoma were simultaneously present in some of the pathological sections. In this series, the correct diagnostic rate of hepatolithiasis associated with a space-occupying lesion in the liver before operation by ultrasonograph was 40.9%,by CT was 53.8% and by MRI/MRCP was 66.7%. 17 cases(70.8%) were resected, and the radical resection rate was 33.3%(8/24). Palliative resection was done in 37.5%of cases(9/24). The 1- and 3- year survival rate was 62.5%,and 25.0% respectively,in the group of radical resection; was 33.3% and 11.1% respectively,in the group with palliative resection; and 0% in the pathological biopsy group. Conclusions:Long-term recurrent hepatolithiasis is an important cause for the development of hepatocholangiocarcinoma.The misdiagnostic rate of the disease was high, and the treatment results and prognosis were poor. It is important to pay more attention to the reasons for delaying the diagnosis of hepatolithiasis-related cholangiocarcinoma and take the appropriate preventative measures to assist in its early diagnosis.