Prosthesis-based breast reconstruction is the mainstream of breast reconstruction after breast cancer surgery. However, postoperative complications such as poor incision healing and tissue infection after breast reconstruction not only increase medical costs and affect aesthetics but also lead to prosthesis loss and even breast reconstruction failure in severe cases, which significantly affect the quality of life of patients. With the progress of negative pressure technology, closed incision negative pressure therapy (ciNPWT) and negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell (NPWTi-d) have been proven to have significant advantages in preventing and treating complications after prosthesis-based breast reconstruction. At the same time, the exact mechanism, the optimal conditions, and selection of negative pressure technology are still unclear. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the application status and mechanism research of ciNPWT and NPWTi-d.