Peritoneal adhesions refer to abnormal fibrous connections that form during the repair process of abdominal organs and tissues due to various causes such as surgery, trauma, intra-abdominal infections, and peritoneal dialysis. Abdominal surgery is the most common cause of peritoneal adhesions, and the majority of patients who undergo abdominal surgery will experience varying degrees of peritoneal adhesions after surgery. Peritoneal adhesions can lead to long-term abdominal pain, induce intestinal obstruction, and in some cases, acute intestinal necrosis due to constriction by adhesions. In females, peritoneal adhesions increase the risk of infertility. Furthermore, peritoneal adhesions can make subsequent surgery difficult, with a higher risk of associated injuries. Non-invasive methods for assessing the extent of peritoneal adhesions, screening high-risk populations for adhesions, and evaluating the clinical effectiveness of drugs and barrier materials are of significant clinical importance. Ultrasonography, cine magnetic resonance imaging, and artificial pneumoperitoneum CT can provide precise assessments of peritoneal adhesions. In addition, parameters such as body mass index, inflammatory markers, and lysyl oxidase-like protein 2 also have some value in evaluating adhesions. In this review, the authors summarize the current non-invasive assessment methods for peritoneal adhesions, aiming to provide clinical insights and guidance.