Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Although most patients have a favorable prognosis following standardized treatment, a subset experiences rapid disease progression and poor outcomes. Recent studies have identified N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) methylation as the most prevalent RNA modification, which regulates RNA transcription, maturation, degradation, and stability, playing a role throughout the tumorigenesis process. Consequently, m⁶A methylation has been extensively studied in tumor treatment and prevention. Changes in m⁶A levels can lead to abnormal activation or inhibition of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in TC, thereby contributing to its initiation and progression. This review summarizes the concept of m⁶A methylation, the components and functions of its regulatory factors, its role in the development and progression of TC, and its implications for treatment and prognosis.