Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly malignant digestive system tumor. Due to the non-specific early clinical symptoms of the disease, diagnosis is often delayed, leading to poor prognosis. In recent years, the incidence of CCA has been steadily increasing, making it one of the major malignant tumors of the liver and biliary system globally. This review discusses the current status and progress in the treatment of CCA, focusing on the application and effectiveness of curative resection, liver transplantation, palliative therapies (including radiofrequency ablation, interventional therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, etc.), and chemotherapy. Additionally, with the development of molecular targeted drugs and immunotherapy, treatment strategies for CCA are gradually improving. Although treatment methods continuously evolve, challenges remain in treating patients at advanced stages. Future research should focus on improving early diagnostic technologies, developing new therapeutic drugs, and integrating traditional and modern medical approaches to provide more effective treatment options for patients.