In August 2024, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) released the 2024 edition of the Guidelines for the Management of Peripheral Arterial and Aortic Diseases. This comprehensive guideline provides detailed recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment strategies for peripheral arterial and aortic diseases (PAAD). It covers topics such as the evaluation and screening, epidemiology, treatment options, and follow-up recommendations of PAAD. With the increasing prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles and the aging population, arterial diseases have become one of the major health threats to residents in China. The detailed recommendations in this edition can be integrated with domestic guidelines to offer feasible and optimal clinical practice strategies for vascular surgeons. This article summarizes the key points and updates of the latest guideline to serve as a reference for domestic scholars.