摘要
肝细胞癌(HCC)是常见的恶性肿瘤之一。经动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)和经动脉栓塞(TAE)是不可切除HCC的常见治疗选择。近年来,肝动脉灌注化疗(HAIC)已用于治疗晚期HCC,并且取得了良好的治疗效果。但是,很少有研究直接将HAIC与TACE/TAE进行比较。因此,本研究旨在评估HAIC与TACE/TAE治疗不可切除HCC的疗效和安全性。
检索PubMed、OvidSP、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、万方数据库、中国知网及维普中文期刊数据库中截至2021年8月14日发表的有关HAIC和TACE/TAE治疗不可切除HCC的文献;提取总生存期(OS),无病生存期(PFS),客观反应率(ORR),疾病控制率(DCR)和不良事件等结局指标的相关数据,用Review Manager 5.4软件进行Meta分析。
最终共纳入5篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,HAIC组在OS(HR=0.39,95% CI=0.18~0.86,P= 0.02),ORR(RR=3.82,95% CI=2.41~6.04,P<0.000 01)和DCR(RR=1.52,95% CI=1.12~2.05,P=0.006)方面优于TACE/TAE组。并且,敏感度分析排除可能的异质性来源后,结果仍一致。HAIC组与TACE/TAE组之间PFS差异无统计学意义(HR=0.34,95% CI =0.11~1.04,P =0.06),但排除可能的异质性来源后,HAIC组的PFS优于TACE/TAE组(HR=0.56,95% CI=0.43~0.73,P<0.000 1)。对于任何等级的不良事件,HAIC组发生血小板减少症(RR=1.59,95% CI=1.04~2.44,P=0.03)和腹泻(RR=4.57,95% CI=2.01~10.37,P=0.003)的风险高于TACE/TAE组,而发生丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高(RR=0.57,95% CI=0.35~0.92,P=0.02)、高胆红素血症(RR=0.37,95% CI=0.26~0.53,P<0.000 01)的风险低于TACE/TAE组;对于3~4级不良事件,HAIC组发生白细胞减少症的风险高于TACE/TAE组(RR=6.32,95% CI=1.71~23.28,P=0.006);无论是3~4级或任何等级的不良事件,HAIC组发生发热的风险低于TACE/TAE组(P<0.05);两组的贫血、中性粒细胞减少症、低蛋白血症、腹痛、呕吐等发生情况差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。
肝癌是全球第六大最常见的癌症和第三大癌症死亡原因,2020年约有新增病例90.6万例和相关死亡病例83万
经动脉化疗栓塞(transarterial chemoembolization,TACE)和经动脉栓塞(transarterial embolization,TAE),目前被公认为是治疗不可切除HCC的常用方法之
肝动脉灌注化疗(hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy,HAIC)通过肝动脉输液装置长时间持续输注化疗药物,从而增加了肝内药物的浓度并降低全身毒
理论上,相比TACE/TAE,HAIC能够明显增加化疗药物总剂量,延长高浓度化疗药物的作用时间,并且不使用栓塞剂,可以避免栓塞综合征、异位栓塞等不良事件的发生,具有更好的安全性和有效
本研究根据系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目PRISMA2020声明进行,并且已预先在PROSPERO网站上进行注册(注册号CRD42021273535)。
从PubMed、OvidSP、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、万方数据库、中国知网及维普中文期刊数据库中进行系统检索,查找截至2021年8月14日发表的有关HAIC 和 TACE/TAE 治疗不可切除HCC的文献。英文检索词包括:TACE、TAE、Transarterial Chemoembolization、Transarterial Embolisation、HAIC、Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy、Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy、Hepatocellular Carcinoma、Hepatocellular Carcinomas、HCC、Liver Cancer、Liver Cancers、Liver Cell Carcinoma、Liver Cell Carcinomas、Hepatoma、Hepatomas。中文检索词包括:肝癌、肝细胞癌、肝动脉灌注化疗、HAIC、TACE、TAE、栓塞、动脉化疗。
纳入标准:⑴ 临床试验(随机对照试验、非随机试验)、前瞻性或回顾性队列研究和病例对照研究;⑵ 目标人群:临床或病理诊断的HCC患者,并且肿瘤不适合手术切除[参考原发性肝癌诊疗规范(2019年版
由2名研究者根据上述纳入及排除标准独立地进行文献筛选,若两者未能达成共识,则征询第3名研究者的意见,并通过共识做出最终决定。
所有基线特征数据均直接从已发表的文章中提取。若研究未报道具体的生存数据,则从生存曲线和PFS曲线中提取相应数据,具体方法参考Tierney
使用Review Manager 5.4软件计算具有95% CI的相对危险度(relative risk ratio,RR),以分析肿瘤反应和不良事件。计算出具有95% CI的合并风险比(hazard ratio,HR),用于OS和PFS的分析。 HR的自然对数及其标准误(standard error,SE)使用Tierney
共检索到2 363篇文献,其中英文文献1 317篇,中文文献1 046篇。具体包括:PubMed 351篇、Cochrane Library 66篇、OvidSP 448篇、Web of Science 452篇、万方数据库650篇、中国知网114篇、维普中文期刊数据库282篇。剔除重复文献,并浏览文题和摘要后,剔除2 341篇。仔细阅读摘要和全文后,由于各种原因(两组中有一组不是采取HAIC治疗,或另一组不是采取TACE/TAE治疗,或其中一组同时接受HAIC和TACE/TAE治疗)再次剔除17篇,最终5篇英文文

图1 文献搜索及筛选流程
Figure 1 Document search and screening process
纳入的5篇文
每项研究均报告了OS、无进展生存期(PFS)、客观反应率(ORR)和疾病控制率(DCR)4个指标中至少1个(

图2 HAIC组与TACE/TAE组的生存指标比较 A:OS;B:PFS
Figure 2 Comparison of the survival variables between HAIC group and TACE/TAE group A: OS; B: PFS

图3 HAIC组和TACE/TAE组肿瘤反应指标比较 A:ORR;B:DCR
Figure 3 Comparison of the tumor response variables between HAIC group and TACE/TAE group A: ORR; B: DCR
除Tsai
改变效应量模型后进行分析,各组异质性变化不大,并且结果仍是OS、ORR、DCR支持HAIC组,PFS两组间差异无统计学意义。通过逐一去除每一个纳入研究后再进行效应量合并,汇总分析异质性的变化情况(
本研究评估了HAIC和TACE/TAE在不可切除HCC患者治疗中的有效性和安全性,结果提示,对于不可切除HCC患者,HAIC治疗后的OS、PFS、ORR和DCR均优于TACE/TAE。HAIC发生骨髓造血功能抑制(血小板减少症、白细胞减少症)和腹泻的风险较TACE/TAE高,而发生肝功能损伤(ALT升高、高胆红素血症)和发热的风险较TACE/TAE低,两组的贫血、中性粒细胞减少症、低蛋白血症、腹痛、呕吐等发生情况无明显差异。说明HAIC是治疗不可切除HCC安全、有效的选择,但在HAIC治疗前、治疗过程中及治疗后应特别注意反复多次查血常规,若出现血小板和白细胞减少情况,及时给予重组人白介素11、人粒细胞刺激因子注射液等药物对症治疗,必要时需减慢或暂停动脉输注化疗药物。若HAIC治疗后出现长期反复腹泻、呕吐、腹痛等症状,应在对症治疗的基础上加强补液、维持水电解质平衡并适当给予静脉营养支持,同时应警惕消化道出血、穿孔等意外发生,建议及时行胃、肠镜检查,对消化性溃疡、胃炎、结肠炎、肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张等及时给与相应治疗。
据统
在本研究的OS、PFS和DCR汇总结果中观察到明显的异质性。在敏感度分析中,结果提示Hu
为进一步验证研究结果,笔者再次提取Li
值得注意的是,除了本文中所纳入的5篇研究以外,有一项正在进行的针对不可切除的大肝癌的HAIC与TACE治疗对比的多中心随机对照研
本研究仍存在一些局限性:缺乏随机对照研究的纳入,患者没有随机入组,这可能导致结果的选择偏倚,不可避免地高估或低估测量的效果;另外,纳入研究的数量及患者人数相对较少,并且所有评估的人群都来自亚洲国家,缺乏其他种族患者的参与。
综上,与TACE/TAE相比,HAIC具有更好的肿瘤反应、更长的生存期以及可接受的不良反应,是不可切除HCC患者更好的治疗选择。
利益冲突
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
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