摘要
腹腔感染是胃癌根治术后常见的并发症,但目前有关机器人辅助胃癌根治术后发生腹腔感染的影响因素及相关预后研究报道较少。本研究旨在分析和探讨机器人辅助胃癌根治术后发生腹腔感染的危险因素及预后,以期为临床提供参考。
在262例患者中,14例(5.34%)术后发生腹腔感染,感染原因分别为腹腔脓肿12例(4.58%)、横结肠瘘1例(0.38%)、胰瘘1例(0.38%);Clavien-Dindo分级包括II级9例(3.44%),IIIa级4例(1.53%),IIIb级1例(0.38%)。单因素分析结果显示,体质量指数(BMI)、术前白蛋白、术前贫血、肿瘤直径、术中联合脏器切除、术中出血量、pTNM分期、N分期、肿瘤淋巴血管侵犯、神经侵犯和术后第3天中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT%)与机器人辅助胃癌根治术后发生腹腔感染有关(均P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,BMI<18.5 kg/
胃癌是常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤,全世界发病率和病死率均处于较高水平。根据2020年全球癌症统计最新数
自2002年Hashizume
选取甘肃省人民医院普外一科2017年1月—2021年3月收治的262例行机器人辅助胃癌根治术的患者,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。本研究已通过甘肃省人民医院医学伦理委员会审准(批号2022-026),术前患者及家属均签署知情同意书。
纳入标准:⑴ 患者年龄18~80岁,性别不限;⑵ 无其他恶性肿瘤疾病的病史;⑶ 术前未进行新辅助化疗、放疗、免疫治疗及分子靶向药物治疗等;⑷ 经内镜活检病理证实为原发性胃腺癌(乳头状癌、管状癌、黏液腺癌、印戒细胞癌或低分化癌);⑸ 行机器人辅助胃癌根治术,D1+或D2淋巴结清扫、腹腔内消化道重建;⑹ 术后病理确定为R0切除。排除标准:⑴ 因出血、穿孔、梗阻等行急诊手术,既往有胃切除手术史;⑵ 有内镜黏膜切除术或内镜黏膜下剥离病史;⑶ 有既往上腹部手术史(腹腔镜胆囊切除术除外);⑷ 术中或术后证实有远处转移;⑸ 术后病理学检查证实肿瘤切缘阳性的患者。
“3+2”模式机器人辅助胃癌根治术中的Trocar位置根据笔者以往的手术经验确定,如

图1 “3+2”模式机器人胃癌根治术Trocar布局
Figure 1 Trocar layout of the "3+2" mode for robotic-assisted radical gastrectomy
患者术后30 d内除腹壁以外其他任何腹腔脏器或手术部位存在下列感染征象之一:⑴ 术后出现发热,血象增高;⑵ 伴有腹痛、腹胀和明显的腹膜刺激征;⑶ 腹腔引流液呈脓性,通过影像学检查或再次手术后证实存在腹腔内感染病变;⑷ 有明确感染来源的吻合口瘘、胰瘘、十二指肠残端瘘、肠瘘、淋巴漏、腹腔出血
采用门诊复诊及电话的方式进行随访。患者术后前2年内每3个月随访1次,2年后每6个月随访1次。总生存期被定义为从手术时间为随访起点至任何原因死亡的时间或直到随访结束的时间。末次随访日期为2021年9月30日。
数据分析使用SPSS 26.0和GraphPad Prism 8.0.2统计学软件。基线数据计量资料用均数±标准差()表示,两组样本均来自正态总体且总体方差齐时采用独立样本t检验;计数资料用绝对值或率来表示。单因素结果分析采用
262例患者中,男216例(82.44%),女46例(17.56%);患者平均年龄为(59.61±10.46)岁,年龄范围为26~79岁;平均BMI为(22.72±3.39)kg/
Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示:患者BMI<18.5 kg/
本研究将患者术后第1、3、7天NEUT%作为测量指标行ROC曲线分析,选择与最大Youden指数截止点对应的阈值作为预测机器人辅助胃癌根治术后腹腔感染发生的最佳截断值,结果表明术后第3天NEUT% AUC最大,为0.805,最佳截断值为82.65%,敏感度为71.4%,特异度为84.7%(表3-4)(

图2 术后NEUT%诊断术后腹腔感染的ROC曲线
Figure 2 The ROC curves of postoperative NEUT% for diagnosis of intra-abdominal infection after robotic-assisted radical gastrectomy
两组患者术后首次通气时间、首次进流食时间、术后1~7 d腹腔引流量、腹腔引流管拔除时间、术后住院时间及住院总费用均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)(
本研究262例患者中位随访时间为28(6~56)个月。随访期间有12例失访,52例死亡,其中48例为肿瘤相关性死亡,4例死于其他原因。非感染组患者术后1、2、3年总生存率分别为94.8%、82.8%、73.4%,截止随访时间总生存率为67.8%;感染组患者术后1、2、3年总生存率分别为78.6%、70.4%、54.4%,截止随访时间总生存率为45.4%,中位生存时间为39个月,两组患者的生存率差异具有统计学意义(P=0.046)(

图3 两组患者术后总生存曲线
Figure 3 Postoperative overall survival curves of the two groups of patients
既往国内外不同医疗中心研究报道腹腔镜和开腹胃癌根治术后腹腔感染的发生率为3.4%~14.3
本研究发现术前白蛋白<30 g/L、术中联合脏器切除是机器人辅助胃癌根治术后患者发生腹腔感染的独立危险因素,Li
感染组患者的转归情况均较非感染组差,住院费用也相对高,提示机器人辅助胃癌根治术后发生腹腔感染的患者近期疗效较差。本研究中感染组患者生存率明显低于非感染组,与Wang
术前应详细了解患者的病史,完善对重要脏器功能的评估,纠正低蛋白血症及其他术前合并症,提高患者对手术操作的耐受力;术中在彻底切除肿瘤组织时注重精细操作,减少损伤正常的组织和脏器;由于部分腹腔感染患者的临床表现具有非特异性,故早期诊断、合理应用抗生素是治疗的关键步骤;使用抗生素之前加强药敏试验检测,选取对患者病情适合的抗生素,避免造成抗生素耐药性,避免长时间使用导致患者二次感染。
加强术后对患者腹腔引流管的精细护理,每天详细查看并记录腹腔引流量以及引流液的颜色,并勤换引流袋。护理人员还应加强对术后患者的体位护理,便于引流液流出和避免腹腔引流管的滑
合理控制患者的饮食摄入和有效的营养支持能提高患者的机体免疫力,降低术后腹腔感染的发生,加快术后康复。
综上所述,患者BMI<18.5 kg/
利益冲突
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
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