摘要
对于主-髂动脉瘤合并双侧髂内动脉瘤(IIAA)的患者,髂动脉分支支架(IBD)是目前保留单侧髂内动脉(IIA)首选治疗方式,但商业化的IBD因个体化解剖差异而应用受限,难以满足所有患者情况,因此,本研究探讨IBD拓展应用保留单侧IIA的可行性与安全性。
回顾性分析2021年4月—2021年6月复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院行腹主动脉瘤腔内修复(EVAR)中采用不同方法拓展应用G-ilia
3例患者均为男性,年龄66~70岁;腹主动脉瘤(AAA)最大直径29~56 mm,保留侧IIA主干有效腔管径及扩张处最大直径分别为10~11 mm和17~20 mm。保留侧髂总动脉(CIA)及髂外动脉(EIA)直径分别为15~28 mm和13~18 mm,栓塞侧IIA主干扩张处最大直径25~37 mm。3例患者均接受EVAR,采用G-ilia
主-髂动脉瘤占腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)的40%,其中合并髂总动脉瘤(common iliac artery aneurysm,CIAA)70%~90%,合并髂内动脉瘤(internal iliac artery aneurysm,IIAA)占0~30
回顾性分析复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院血管外科2021年4月—2021年6月拓展应用G-ilia
术前7 d内行CT血管造影(computed tomography angiography,CTA),扫描范围:由主动脉弓-股总动脉,获得1、3、5 mm断层影像及重建图像,测量获得腹主动脉(Abdominal Aorta,AA)、双侧CIA、EIA、IIA最大直径及管腔有效直径(
经保留侧股动脉穿刺点导入G-ilia
3例患者均为男性,年龄66~70岁;3例主-髂动脉瘤患者均合并双侧CIAA、IIAA,其中1例合并双侧股总动脉瘤(common femoral artery aneurysm,CFAA)。3例患者的基本临床资料见
保留左侧IIA,同期行EVAR+左侧IIA重建+右侧IIA弹簧圈栓塞,先行经左侧股动脉穿刺点翻山行右侧IIA栓塞后行EVAR+左侧IIA重建,选用G-ilia

图1 患者1资料 A-C:术前CTA影像;D:G-ilia
Figure 1 Data of case 1 A-C: Perioperative CTA images; D: The ostium of the short G-ilia
保留右侧IIA,因合并AAA及双侧CIAA、IIAA、CFAA,一期行EVAR+左侧IIA栓塞+左侧CFAA人工血管置换,二期行右侧IIA重建,选用G-ilia

图2 患者2资料 A-D:术前CTA影像;E:G-ilia
Figure 2 Data of case 2 A-D: Perioperative CTA images; E: The ostium of the short G-ilia
保留左侧IIA,同期行EVAR+左侧IIA重建+右侧IIA弹簧圈栓塞,考虑左侧IIA开口狭窄性病变,导丝通过病变困难,成功行EVAR+左侧IIA重建后,经肱动脉穿刺点行右侧IIA栓塞,选用G-ilia

图3 患者3资料 A-C:术前CTA影像;D:G-ilia
Figure 3 Data of case 3 A-C: Preoperative CTA images; D: The ostium of the short G-ilia
应用IBD技术成功率100%,30 d内无支架移位、断裂等支架相关并发症发生,通畅率100%。患者1术中出现保留侧IIA来源Ib型内漏,后扩消失,患者3术中出现肠系膜下动脉来源少量I型内漏,随访观察,术后3 d出现左侧大腿疼痛,CTA检查发现保留侧IIA远端分支来源假性动脉瘤,行弹簧圈栓塞术;无缺血性并发症发生,30 d内无死亡、心梗、脑梗、动脉栓塞等重大并发症发生。随访时间3~6个月,平均(4±1.4)个月,患者2术后复查见栓塞侧IIA来源II型内漏,术后3个月随访消失,患者3术后3个月复查肠系膜下动脉(IMA)来源II型内漏,较出院前无明显变化,拟择日进一步栓塞(
对于AAA合并CIAA患者,通过计划性栓塞IIA和延长髂支支架锚定于EIA完

图4 IIA多枚支架桥接,远端支架锚定于IIA分支,锚定区周围分支栓塞
Figure 4 Using multiple bridging stents to anchor the major IIA branches and embolization of branches around thee anchoring area
多枚支架桥接延长锚定区至SGA时,IBD内分支近段采用球扩式覆膜支架,远端采用自膨式覆膜支架于IIA远端,直接间重叠2~3 cm,桥接支架间内衬自膨式裸支架加强过渡区稳定性,可获得良好的中期通畅率,Austerman

图5 IIA桥接支架锚定于主干健康管腔段
Figure 5 Using the bridging stent of IIA to anchor the lumen of healthy segment
考虑保留侧IIA局部瘤体最大处相对IIA-E侧,短期破裂风险并不高,进行定期随访,一旦发现明显增大可行进一步桥接分支支架覆盖瘤体或进行瘤体栓塞。由于IIA解剖迂曲,在选用桥接支架时应考虑较好的顺应性,还应考虑其径向支撑力及定位的精确性,Viabahn(W. L. Gore & Associates,美国)因其较好的顺应性为众多研究推

图6 利用Lifestream后扩可放大特性,使其远端呈喇叭口样扩张,贴附瘤样扩张管壁
Figure 6 Utilizing the enlargement characteristic after post-dilation of the Lifestream stent to induce the flared expansion of its distal end to closely attach the luminal wall of the aneurysmal dilation
本研究中,患者1Lifestream释放后见Ib型内漏,远端选用直径14 mm的球囊后扩,使其后扩后放大更贴附远端血管壁,术后及随访过程均未见内漏发生。在短期随访时间内,IBD及IIA分支支架通畅,均未出现支架内闭塞、移位、断裂等支架相关并发症。患者2出现栓塞侧IIA来源II型内漏,术后3个月内漏消失,患者3出现IMA来源II型内漏,无IBD及保留侧IIA原因引起的内漏发生。
本研究采用IIA短分支支架局部锚定于IIA近段主干最细处及选用Lifestream利用其远端后扩放大特性,作为桥接支架的拓展技巧可有效保留单侧IIA;结合文献分析,多枚支架桥接将分支支架远端锚定于IIA分支主干,锚定区内分枝栓塞以保留IIA,可同时有效保护IIA血流和修复IIAA;综上所述,多种拓展IBD应用策略,为合并双侧IIAA患者行EVAR治疗时保留单侧IIA提供了选择。研究纳入的3例患者,手术均取得成功,结果令人满意。但因患者例数少,随访时间短,无法进一步行统计学分析。
针对个体化差异采用合适拓展策略应用IBD治疗合并双侧IIAA保留单侧IIA可行且短期效果满意,需更多的患者及更长时间随访数据证实其临床适用性。
利益冲突
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
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