摘要
新辅助治疗可显著降低可切除肝细胞癌(HCC)患者的术后复发率,特别是对于伴有高危复发因素的患者,目前已有不少学者在探索HCC新辅助治疗方案。笔者报告1例行新辅助治疗后手术切除的局部晚期HCC患者诊疗经过,以期为HCC的新辅助治疗方案提供参考。
患者,男,61岁。CT提示“肝左叶(12.4 cm×7.9 cm×6.6 cm)、肝右叶(11.5 cm×9.8 cm× 9.5 cm)巨大占位性病变,考虑HCC伴门静脉左支癌栓形成”。入院诊断为HCC(CNLC Ⅲa期)伴门静脉癌栓(Vp3型),并经MDT讨论考虑行新辅助治疗。具体方案为肝动脉灌注化疗(HAIC-FOLFOX4)联合仑伐替尼和替雷利珠单抗。经治疗瘤体明显缩小,甲胎蛋白转阴,可行手术切除,但患者及家属拒绝手术治疗。随后采用仑伐替尼和替雷利珠单抗维持治疗5个月余,患者左叶病灶及癌栓完全缓解,右叶病灶疾病进展,目前为CNLCⅡa期/BCLC B期。完善术前评估,患者行左半肝切除术+肝右叶部分切除术+门静脉左支取栓术,术后以仑伐替尼联合替雷利珠单抗辅助治疗,随访至今,共13个月,仍无瘤生存。
原发性肝癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,发病率和病死率分别位居我国恶性肿瘤的第4位和第2位,以肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)最为常
患者 男,61岁,因“CT检查发现肝占位性病变1周”于2021年4月11日收治入院。患者1周前因右上腹胀痛就诊于外院,行上腹部CT提示“肝脏占位性病变,考虑HCC”,未行特殊处理。为求进一步诊治,遂来中国人民解放军第四军医大学第二附属医院,门诊以“肝占位性病变”收入院。既往患乙肝病史30余年,未行治疗。实验室检查(2021年4月8日):甲胎蛋白(AFP)44 521 ng/mL,异常凝血酶原(PIVKA-Ⅱ)19 679 mAU/mL,HBsAg(+)、HbeAb(+)、HBcAb(+);乙肝病毒DNA 1.29E+06 IU/mL;血红蛋白(HGB)159 g/L;天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)40 U/L、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)25 U/L、白蛋白(ALB)38.4 g/L、总胆红素(TBIL)15.1 μmol/L;凝血酶原时间(PT)10.65 s。影像学检查:腹部CT(2021年4月10日):肝左叶(12.4 cm×7.9 cm×6.6 cm)、肝右叶(11.5 cm×9.8 cm×9.5 cm)巨大占位性病变,考虑HCC,伴门静脉左支栓子形成;肝硬化;肝多发小囊肿(

图1 腹部CT图像 A:肝左叶病灶;B:门静脉左支癌栓;C:肝右叶病灶;D:三维重建
MDT讨论意见:⑴ 结合患者乙肝病史、肿瘤标志物及影像学特点,诊断为HCC;⑵ HCC属CNLC Ⅲa期/BCLC C期,瘤体巨大,并且侵犯门静脉左支,术后复发风险较高,因此暂不考虑手术切除;⑶ 目前,针对此类患者的新辅助治疗成功案例相继报道,并且治疗效果显著;⑷ 术前经HAIC-FOLFOX4联合靶向药物及PD-1抑制剂的疗效已有较多成功案例的报道,可考虑行此方案进行新辅助治疗;⑸ 注意全程抗乙肝,抑酸护胃、降低门静脉压力治疗。
经上述讨论,决定为患者行HAIC联合仑伐替尼及替雷利珠单抗注射液的联合方案,具体方案为HAIC-FOLFOX4(奥沙利铂,85 mg/
患者于2021年4月13日行HAIC治疗。2021年4月16日行替雷利珠单抗治疗。介入术后第4天出院,整个过程耐受良好,并于出院后1周口服仑伐替尼。2021年5月6日患者入院复查,实验室检查:AFP 2 306 ng/mL,PIVKA-Ⅱ 21 756 mAU/mL。影像学提示“肝左叶病灶较前缩小,右叶病灶未见明显变化”。肝功能Child-Pugh分级A级(5分),ICG-R15 10.3%,治疗同前。2021年6月2日患者入院复查,实验室检查:AFP 76 ng/mL、PIVKA-Ⅱ 7 621 mAU/mL。腹部CT提示“肝左叶病灶较前缩小,右叶病灶较前稍缩小”。肝功能Child-Pugh A级(6分),ICG-R15 16.3%,治疗同前。2021年7月5日和2021年8月9日进行复查,均提示肿瘤标志物下降,AFP连续复查2次阴性,并伴瘤体缩小,已满足手术切除要求,但患者及家属拒绝进行手术治疗,采用仑伐替尼+替雷利珠单抗维持治疗(图

图2 肿瘤体积动态变化图

图3 肿瘤标志物动态变化图

图4 术前影像学图片 A:腹部CT图像;B:三维重建

图5 手术照片 A:术区所见;B:标本情况(箭头示存活癌组织)
患者术后继续口服仑伐替尼联合替雷利珠单抗(200 mg/次,1次/3周,静脉滴注)维持治疗6个月,随访至今约13个月,仍无瘤生存。2022年7月13日复查CT提示肝脏未见异常强化影,AFP 3.30 ng/mL(

图6 复查腹部CT图像
近年来,通过靶向和免疫治疗药物降低患者术后复发和提高远期生存成为目前HCC领域的热点。新辅助治疗是指通过术前治疗来降低术后复发,由此提高患者的术后生存时间和生活质量,主要应用于伴有高危复发因素的可切除CNLC Ⅱb和Ⅲa期HCC患者。与转化治疗不同之处在于,此类患者的初始病灶是可切除的,但切除术后复发风险较高,因此需要术前新辅助治疗来降低术后复发的风险。目前,新辅助治疗在HCC中的应用还处于探索阶段,靶免药物的出现,为HCC新辅助治疗提供了可行性。主要的靶免联合方案包括阿帕替尼联合卡瑞利珠单
目前,介入联合靶向和免疫治疗的三联疗法已在临床中广泛应用。Ke
参考肿瘤化疗的首次用量原则,HAIC化疗首次用量选择FOLFOX4方案全量的80%,术后效果显著,不良反应耐受良好,考虑患者具有乙肝肝硬化病史,为降低肝脏损伤,后续HAIC用量仍采用全量的80%。患者HAIC后未见血常规和肝功能异常波动,随后静脉滴入替雷利珠单抗注射液,并于出院1周恢复正常饮食后口服仑伐替尼,以确保在安全前提下疗效最大化。经过前两轮联合治疗后,患者肿瘤体积明显缩小,并伴随肿瘤标志物显著下降。后续的联合治疗中AFP虽降至正常,但瘤体缩小不明显,存在耐药可能。因此,应在第2轮或第3轮联合治疗后进行手术切除,以防止肿瘤进展。这与《肝细胞癌新辅助及转化治疗中国专家共识
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