摘要
在周围血管的疾病诊治中,静脉疾病患者众多,占门诊量的60%以上。据统计,在我国下肢静脉疾病的患病率为8.89%,仅大隐静脉曲张就有上亿患者。近年来有关血管疾病的诊治方法、理念、辅助设备、耗材、技术以及基础研究都得到了重大发展,特别是在大隐静脉曲张、肢体深静脉血栓、髂静脉压迫综合征、盆腔淤血综合征的静脉疾病的诊治方面有突破,彰显近代静脉外科的发展和进步。为此,笔者就相关静脉外科的进展和关注点进行论述和总结。
静脉疾病患者众多,占血管外科门诊量的60%以上。特别是在我国,下肢静脉疾病的患病率为8.89%,仅大隐静脉曲张就有上亿患
大隐静脉曲张是最常见的血管外科疾病,在我国发病率约为10%。早在古埃及和希腊时期,就有关于静脉曲张的记
众所周知,VTE的治疗首选为抗凝,并已被多年的临床实践证明是行之有效的。但单纯抗凝治疗只能抑制血栓的繁衍,对已形成血栓的清除是无效的。研
髂股静脉压迫综合征(iliac vein compression syndrome,IVCS)泛指在盆腔内的髂静脉受邻近组织的压迫,管腔狭窄或闭塞,造成静脉回流受阻,并由此引发的一系列临床症状,临床上称为Cockett或May-Thurner综合征。1851年Virchow发现:人体左下肢DVT的发生率是右下肢的5倍。1908年McMurric
盆腔静脉系统主要由三部分组成:⑴ 肾门周围静脉丛;⑵ 盆腔静脉丛;⑶ 肢体静脉系统。它们的回流各自经过左肾静脉、卵巢静脉、髂内静脉、髂外静脉至下腔静脉。如上述静脉发生反流,会导致盆腔静脉的扩张与血液淤积,从而引起一系列临床症状并被称为盆腔淤血综合征(pelvic congestion syndrome,PCS),主要临床症状有盆腔疼痛、会阴沉重感、排尿紧迫和性交后疼痛等,久站、性交和经期(前)可以加重。PCS通常伴下肢、外阴/会阴、大腿后部静脉曲张。15%的成年女性有盆腔静脉淤血现象,其中60%发生PCS。众所周知;慢性盆腔痛(chronic pelvic pain,CPP)是女性常见疾病,在美国CPP占妇科门诊30%,40%以上的女性终生受此影响,然而在30%的CPP患者中,PCS是唯一原
PCS在解剖上分为三级,Ⅰ级:静脉血反流至同侧卵巢静脉(生殖静脉);Ⅱ级:静脉血反流至同侧阴部静脉;Ⅲ级:静脉血反流从同侧子宫静脉、到对侧宫静脉、阴部静脉。PCS的治疗在过去主要有药物和激素,卵巢静脉结扎、卵巢切除、子宫切除等,其目的是减少静脉扩张和反流,但疗效不明显,创伤大。近年来伴随介入技术提高与相应耗材的进步,PCS的治疗得到很大的发展。当前治疗的原则是消除致病静脉的反流及曲张的静脉,正是在这个策略指导下,通过对症状患者的充分评估后,在DSA指引下,股静脉穿刺置管,对病变静脉进行弹簧圈栓塞和硬化剂注射来解决这些问题。该方法简单、微创、患者恢复期短、效果良好。一组970例患者的治疗结
静脉疾病发病率高,波及各个年龄段人群,所带来的社会负担及经济负担是很沉重的,必须引起高度重视。可喜的是近年伴随科学技术的高速发展,血管外科专业的发展壮大与普及,国内外学术交流的广泛开展,使静脉疾病的治疗水平得到了很大提高,众多患者获益,重返工作岗位。我们坚信,通过广大医务工作者的共同努力,科研工作的逐步深入,新型设备、耗材的不断涌现,中国静脉外科繁花似锦、姹紫嫣红的时代必将到来。
利益冲突
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
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