摘要
血管封堵器(VCD)广泛应用于血管腔内治疗后闭合股动脉(FA)穿刺点,具有快速止血、患者可早期活动等优势。Perclose ProGlide是一款缝合介导的闭合装置,存在导致FA闭塞的潜在风险。笔者通过报告序贯腔内手术应用切割球囊成功治疗1例心脏介入术后Perclose ProGlide血管封堵器导致股浅动脉(SFA)闭塞病例,以期为临床治疗方法的选择提供参考。
患者为32岁女性,临床诊断:下肢缺血、SFA闭塞(右侧),行序贯腔内手术联合切割球囊开通SFA闭塞性病变。一期导丝经左侧股总动脉(CFA)鞘管过病变后,选用4 mm×4 mm普通球囊扩张后造影:见线样血流通过,明显残余狭窄,术后患者下肢缺血症状缓解;6周后二期手术,采用2.5 mm×40 mm球囊预扩,5 mm×20 mm切割球囊逐步扩张,5 mm×40 mm高压球囊进一步后扩,即刻及15 min后造影示完全开通SFA病变,无残余狭窄,未见夹层形成、破裂、远端栓塞等。术后患者恢复良好,症状消失,3周后随访CTA示:右侧SFA管腔形态良好,血流通畅。
血管腔内手术过程中,股总动脉(common femoral artery,CFA)是常用穿刺点,术后止血可通过血管封堵器(vascular closure devices,VCD)或人工压迫(manual compression,MC)实
患者 女,32岁。因“右下肢酸胀疼痛2周,加重1 d”入院。患者2周前因室性期前收缩行心脏电生理检查、射频消融、右心导管置入术。术后出现右下肢酸胀伴疼痛,行走约600 m后小腿酸痛,休息后可缓解,外院彩超示:右侧SFA起始部血栓形成。查体:双侧FA(++),右侧腘动脉(popliteal artery,PA)搏动阳性,右侧足背动脉(dorsalis pedis artery,DPA)及胫后动脉(posterior tibial artery,PTA)搏动阴性,左侧PA、DPA及PTA搏动强阳性(++),右足皮温较左足降低。其他实验室检查未见异常;踝肱指数(ankle brachial index,ABI):0.55;CTA检查显示:右侧SFA起始段血栓形成伴管腔闭塞,远端SFA变细,右侧PTA中下段细小显示不清(

图1 术前CTA检查情况 A-B:右侧SFA闭塞性病变(红色箭头);C-D:右侧SFA开口少量造影剂充盈,远端无造影剂充盈(红色箭头)
双侧腹股沟区消毒铺巾,左侧腹股沟区1%利多卡因局部麻醉后,Seldinger法穿刺左侧CFA,置入5 F鞘(Merit Medical,美国),手推造影证实定位于左侧CFA内,肝素30 mg外周静注,经鞘导入0.035"导丝(TERUMO,日本)和4 F pigtail导管(Cordis,美国)行腹主动脉造影,翻山至右侧CFA。数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)示:右侧SFA起始部距FA分叉0.5 cm处闭塞,闭塞段远端纤细,股深动脉(deep femoral artery,DFA)代偿性增粗。导丝配合导管选入DFA,交换Supracore导丝(Abbott Vascular,美国)及6 F翻山鞘(Cook Medical,丹麦),4 F Ver导管(Cordis,美国)配合0.035"导丝通过SFA闭塞段,交换Supracore导丝,经导丝导入PowerFlex球囊(4 mm×40 mm,Cordis,美国)8 atm(1 atm=101 kPa)扩张3 min;DSA操作部分:右侧SFA闭塞段开通,见线样血流通过,病变以远血流较前改善(

图2 一期手术情况 A-B:右侧SFA闭塞(红色箭头);C-D:普通球囊扩张术后线样血流(红色箭头)
DSA操作:左侧SFA起始部距FA分叉0.5 cm处局部线样血流通过,远端纤细,DFA代偿性增粗,交换Supracore导丝及6 F翻山鞘,4 F Ver导管配合0.035"导丝通过SFA闭塞段,交换V-18导丝(Boston Scientific,美国),先后经导丝导入佳航球囊(2.5 mm×40 mm,Polyrey Medical,中国)扩张(8 atm,3 min)、PCB(5 mm×20 mm,Boston Scientific,美国)扩张(6 atm,3 min),DSA:病变段局部见残余狭窄约20%,交换Supracore导丝,经导丝导入Mustang球囊(5 mm×40 mm,Boston Scientific,美国)扩张(8 atm,3 min),即刻及15 min后造影:病变段开通,无明显残余狭窄,SFA血流通畅,血流速度佳,未见夹层形成(

图3 二期手术情况 A:一期6周线样血流;B:小直径普通球囊扩张后;C:切割球囊扩张;D-E:切割球囊术后即刻及15 min后DSA;F:高压球囊扩张后
右侧FA搏动(++),右侧PA搏动(+),右侧DPA及PTA搏动(+/-);术后2周超声:右侧SFA上段内径2.7 mm,其内可见实质回声,范围约6.8 mm×2.4 mm,CDFI示:细小彩色血流,流速约0.98 m/s,SFA中下段血流通畅;术后6周:右侧SFA起始段流道偏细,内径约2.3 mm,管壁内见回声,较厚处约1.8 mm,CDFI见五彩镶嵌血流,峰值流速约1.48 m/s,远端SFA频谱呈小慢波改变;术后6周ABI:0.74。
二期术后3周:ABI:0.96;CTA:右侧SFA走形正常,管壁未见异常密度影,管壁未见明显狭窄、扩张及充盈缺损,与首次CTA对比,原右侧SFA闭塞段再通(

图4 术后3周CTA结果 A-D:右侧SFA管腔形态良好、通畅
自1953年,放射学家Sven Ivar Seldinger首次描述Seldinger穿刺技术以来,经皮CFA穿刺已成为血管疾病诊断和治疗最常用入路之
作者贡献声明
黄玉龙、洪翔负责论文撰写、数据整理;林越负责图片制作;王利新负责 研究指导、研究设计。
C-反应蛋白 | CRP | 甲型肝炎病毒 | HAV | 心电图 | ECG |
Toll样受体 | TLRs | 碱性成纤维细胞转化生长因子 | bFGF | 心脏监护病房 | CCU |
氨基末端激酶 | JNK | 聚合酶链反应 | PCR | 血管紧张素Ⅱ | AngII |
白细胞 | WBC | 抗生物素蛋白-生物素酶复合物法 | ABC法 | 血管内皮生长因子 | VEGF |
白细胞介素 | IL | 辣根过氧化物酶 | HRP | 血管性血友病因子 | vWF |
半数抑制浓度 | IC50 | 链霉抗生物素蛋白-生物素酶复合物法 | SABC法 | 血红蛋白 | Hb |
变异系数 | CV | 磷酸盐缓冲液 | PBS | 血肌酐 | SCr |
标记的链霉抗生物素蛋白-生物素法 | SP法 | 绿色荧光蛋白 | GFP | 血尿素氮 | BUN |
表皮生长因子 | EGF | 酶联免疫吸附测定 | ELISA | 血小板 | PLT |
丙氨酸氨基转移酶 | ALT | 美国食品药品管理局 | FDA | 血压 | BP |
丙二醛 | MDA | 脑电图 | EEG | 血氧饱和度 | SO2 |
丙型肝炎病毒 | HCV | 内毒素/脂多糖 | LPS | 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸 | NADPH |
超氧化物歧化酶 | SOD | 内皮型一氧化氮合酶 | eNOS | 严重急性呼吸综合征 | SARS |
磁共振成像 | MRI | 内生肌酐清除率 | CCr | 一氧化氮 | NO |
极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 | VLDL-C | 尿素氮 | BUN | 一氧化氮合酶 | NOS |
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 | LDL-C | 凝血酶时间 | TT | 乙二胺四乙酸 | EDTA |
动脉血二氧化碳分压 | PaCO2 | 凝血酶原时间 | PT | 乙酰胆碱 | ACh |
动脉血氧分压 | PaO2 | 牛血清白蛋白 | BSA | 乙型肝炎病毒 | HBV |
二甲基亚砜 | DMSO | 热休克蛋白 | HSP | 乙型肝炎病毒e抗体 | HBeAb |
反转录-聚合酶链反应 | RT-PCR | 人类免疫缺陷病毒 | HIV | 乙型肝炎病毒e抗原 | HBeAg |
辅助性T细胞 | Th | 人绒毛膜促性腺激素 | HCG | 乙型肝炎病毒表面抗体 | HBsAb |
肝细胞生长因子 | HGF | 三磷酸腺苷 | ATP | 乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原 | HBsAg |
干扰素 | IFN | 三酰甘油 | TG | 乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体 | HBcAb |
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 | HDL-C | 生理氯化钠溶液 | NS | 乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原 | HBcAg |
谷胱甘肽 | GSH | 世界卫生组织 | WHO | 异硫氰酸荧光素 | FLTC |
固相pH梯度 | IPG | 双蒸水 | ddH2O | 诱导型一氧化氮合酶 | iNOS |
核糖核酸 | RNA | 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 | MAPK | 原位末端标记法 | TUNEL |
核因子-κB | NF-κB | 四甲基偶氮唑盐微量酶反应 | MTT | 杂合性缺失 | LOH |
红细胞 | RBC | 苏木精-伊红染色 | HE | 增强化学发光法 | ECL |
红细胞沉降率 | ESR | 胎牛血清 | FBS | 肿瘤坏死因子 | TNF |
环氧化酶-2 | COX-2 | 体质量指数 | BMI | 重症监护病房 | ICU |
活化部分凝血活酶时间 | APTT | 天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶 | AST | 转化生长因子 | TGF |
活性氧 | ROS | 脱氧核糖核酸 | DNA | 自然杀伤细胞 | NK细胞 |
获得性免疫缺陷综合征 | AIDS | 细胞间黏附分子 | ICAM | 直接胆红素 | DBIL |
肌酐 | Cr | 细胞外基质 | ECM | 总胆固醇 | TC |
基质金属蛋白酶 | MMP | 细胞外调节蛋白激酶 | ERK | 总胆红素 | TBIL |
计算机X线断层照相技术 | CT | 纤连蛋白 | FN |
利益冲突
所有作者均不存在利益冲突。
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