摘要
肝内胆管癌(ICC)近年来发病率不断升高,该疾病起病较为隐匿、多无明显症状,早期诊断率较低,根治性切除仍是其可能获得痊愈的唯一治疗手段,但由于肿瘤已多发转移、剩余肝储备不足、患者一般情况不能耐受手术等原因,其根治性切除率较低。因此,本研究探讨阳性淋巴结个数与ICC患者术后预后的关系,以期为ICC手术预后评价提供参考,为术后治疗策略的选择提供依据。
回顾性收集2017年9月—2020年9月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九〇四医院肝胆外科行根治性手术切除术150例ICC患者的临床资料,分析影响患者术后生存的相关因素,以及不同阳性淋巴结个数(N0:无淋巴结转移;N1:淋巴结转移个数<3枚;N2:淋巴结转移个数≥3枚)患者术后生存的差异。
单因素分析显示,术前糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)水平、术前甲胎蛋白水平、切缘状态、淋巴结阳性个数与ICC患者术后生存明显有关(均P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,切缘状态(P=0.003)、术前CA19-9水平(P=0.008)、阳性淋巴结个数(P<0.001)是影响术后预后的独立危险因素。全组150例ICC患者术后1、2、3年生存率分别为50.67%、24.67%、17.33%。62例N0患者术后1、2、3年生存率分别为79.03%、43.55%、32.25%;36例N1患者术后1、2、3年生存率分别为47.22%、27.78%、16.67%;52例N2患者术后1、2、3年生存率分别为19.23%、0、0,三组不同淋巴结状态患者间总体生存率差异有统计学意义(
China Journal of General Surgery, 2024, 33(2):202-209.
胆管癌(cholangiocarcinoma,CCA)属于肝胆系统第二大肿瘤,约占所有消化系统肿瘤的3
回顾性收集2017年9月—2020年9月期间在中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九〇四医院肝胆外科行根治性手术切除的ICC患者临床资料。纳入标准:⑴ 行ICC根治性切除,且术后病理确诊;⑵ 术中行淋巴结清扫,且术后淋巴结病理资料完整;⑶ 无合并其他类型肿瘤;⑷ 临床资料及术后随访资料完整。排除标准:⑴ 术中未行淋巴结清扫;⑵ 合并有其他胆道系统疾病;⑶ 肿瘤侵及周围组织;⑷ 死于其他疾病、失访患者。本研究共150例,其中男86例,女64例;年龄39~82岁,平均年龄58岁。本研究通过中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九〇四医院伦理委员会批准(批号:20201054)。
150例ICC患者中,行肝左外叶切除42例、肝左外叶+左内叶交界处切除23例、肝左内叶切除31例、肝左内叶+肝右叶交界处19例、肝右叶切除35例。淋巴结清扫标准:《肝内胆管癌外科治疗中国专家共识2020版
在150例ICC患者中,对性别、年龄、有无肝硬化、HBV定量、肝功能、肝功能Child-Pugh分级、术前糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)水平、术前甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平、HbsAg、肿瘤位置、被膜侵犯、肿瘤数目、肿瘤最大直径、脉管癌栓、切缘状态、阳性淋巴结清扫个数15个因素进行分析,结果显示:术前CA19-9水平、术前AFP水平、切缘状态、阳性淋巴结个数与患者术后生存有关,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)(
因素 | 例数(n) | 中位生存时间(月) | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | ||||
男 | 86 | 9.0 | 0.613 | 0.435 |
女 | 64 | 12.0 | ||
年龄(岁) | ||||
≤50 | 76 | 9.0 | 0.662 | 0.417 |
>50 | 74 | 11.5 | ||
肝硬化 | ||||
无 | 114 | 10.0 | 0.200 | 0.655 |
有 | 36 | 9.0 | ||
HBV定量(IU/mL) | ||||
≤1 000 | 118 | 10.0 | 0.917 | 0.658 |
>1 000 | 32 | 10.0 | ||
肝功能Child-Pugh分级 | ||||
A级 | 135 | 10.0 | 0.840 | 0.360 |
B级 | 15 | 8.0 | ||
术前CA19-9(U/mL) | ||||
≤37 | 65 | 13.0 | 7.211 | 0.008 |
>37 | 85 | 8.0 | ||
术前AFP(μg/L) | ||||
≤25 | 124 | 11.0 | 4.016 | 0.047 |
>25 | 26 | 6.0 |
因素 | 例数(n) | 中位生存时间(月) | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|
HbsAg | ||||
阴性 | 104 | 9.5 | 0.209 | 0.648 |
阳性 | 46 | 11.0 | ||
被膜侵犯 | ||||
是 | 80 | 9.0 | 0.122 | 0.727 |
否 | 70 | 11.5 | ||
阳性淋巴结个数 | ||||
N0(无淋巴结转移) | 62 | 22.5 | 15.874 | <0.001 |
N1(阳性个数<3枚) | 36 | 9.5 | ||
N2(阳性个数≥3枚) | 52 | 7.0 | ||
脉管癌栓 | ||||
阴性 | 112 | 10.0 | 0.138 | 0.711 |
阳性 | 38 | 9.0 | ||
肿瘤数目 | ||||
单发 | 108 | 9.5 | 0.132 | 0.717 |
多发 | 42 | 11.0 | ||
肿瘤最大直径(cm) | ||||
≤5 | 102 | 10.0 | 0.043 | 0.837 |
>5 | 48 | 9.0 | ||
切缘状态 | ||||
阴性 | 122 | 11.0 | 8.935 | 0.003 |
阳性 | 28 | 5.5 | ||
肿瘤位置 | ||||
肝左外叶 | 42 | 12.5 | 0.921 | 0.454 |
肝左外叶、左内叶交界处 | 23 | 7.0 | ||
肝左内叶 | 31 | 8.0 | ||
肝左内叶、肝右叶交界处 | 19 | 12.0 | ||
肝右叶 | 35 | 10.0 |
将单因素分析中对ICC术后生存有影响的因素进行Cox多因素分析,结果显示:切缘状态、阳性淋巴结个数、术前CA19-9水平是影响ICC患者术后生存的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)(
因素 | B | SE | Wald | df | Sig. | HR(95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
术前AFP水平 | -3.337 | 0.221 | 2.325 | 1 | 0.127 | 0.714(0.463~1.101) |
阳性淋巴结个数 | -0.924 | 0.244 | 14.381 | 1 | 0.000 | 0.397(0.249~0.640) |
术前CA19-9水平 | -0.394 | 0.173 | 5.165 | 1 | 0.023 | 0.675(0.481~0.947) |
切缘状态 | -0.781 | 0.215 | 13.180 | 1 | 0.000 | 0.458(0.300~0.698) |
全组150例ICC患者术后1、2、3年生存率分别为50.67%、24.67%、17.33%,术后中位生存时间为12.5个月。62例N0患者术后1、2、3年生存率分别为79.03%、43.55%、32.25%,术后中位生存时间为22.5个月;36例N1患者术后1、2、3年生存率分别为47.22%、27.78%、16.67%,术后中位生存时间为9.5个月;52例N2患者术后1、2、3年生存率分别为19.23%、0、0,术后中位生存时间为7个月,三组不同淋巴结状态患者间总体生存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。三组间两两比较结果显示:N0患者术后生存优于N1、N2患者(均P<0.05);N1患者术后生存优于N2患者(P<0.05)(

图1 不同阳性淋巴结个数ICC患者术后生存曲线比较
Figure 1 Comparison of postoperative survival curves among ICC patients with different numbers of positive lymph nodes
ICC是一种原发性胆管细胞癌,主要起源于包括二级胆管在内的胆管末梢侧,虽然其发病率仅占肝原发恶性肿瘤的5%~10%,但是该病的5年生存率较低,仅有10%~49%,预后较
阳性淋巴结个数是影响ICC术后预后的重要独立危险因素。有研
CA19-9也是影响ICC术后预后的重要独立危险因素。目前,CA19-9在肝胆系统肿瘤中研究较多,其轻度升高可见于消化道炎症反应,明显升高可见于消化道肿瘤,有助于胰腺癌、CCA等肿瘤的诊
切缘状态也是影响ICC术后预后的重要独立危险因素。目前,关于切缘影响预后的机制尚不完全明确,本研究通过单因素和多因素分析得出手术切缘状态是影响ICC的预后的独立危险因素,这与Wang
综上所述,切缘状态、术前CA19-9水平及阳性淋巴结个数是影响ICC患者术后预后的独立危险因素。目前,根治性切除仍是可能治愈ICC的唯一措施,在剩余肝体积允许的前提下,应尽可能扩大手术切缘,保证无肿瘤残余,还应常规行淋巴结清扫和统计阳性淋巴结个数。通过这些指标能更好地评估患者预后,完善临床上对ICC患者的危险分级,为ICC术后治疗策略的选择提供科学依据,从而延长患者术后生存时间。

作者贡献声明
谢伟选、罗昆仑是文章的主要撰写人,完成相关文献资料的收集和分析工作,完成文章初稿的写作;谢伟选、柏杨、朱庆洲、罗昆仑参与手术及临床资料的分析;罗昆仑指导文章写作与修改。全体作者都阅读并同意最终的文本。
利益冲突
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