摘要
近年来靶向药物治疗迅速发展,已成为治疗晚期肝细胞癌(HCC)的重要手段。但一线靶向药物索拉非尼治疗HCC应答率低,靶向药物治疗HCC的临床方案仍是一个需要不断提高的难题。本研究探讨阿帕替尼联合卡瑞利珠单抗治疗中晚期HCC的临床疗效,以及对患者免疫功能、肿瘤标志物影响。
回顾性分析2022年5月—12月湖北省中医院收治的137例中晚期不可切除的HCC患者临床资料,其中61例单纯口服阿帕替尼治疗(靶向组),76例在口服阿帕替尼基础上,同时给予卡瑞利珠单抗静脉滴注(靶免组)。比较两组客观缓解率(ORR)与疾病控制率(DCR);T淋巴细胞亚群(CD
治疗前,两组患者的一般资料、肝肾功能指标、免疫与肿瘤标志物水平差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。治疗后,靶免组ORR与DCR均高于靶向组(40.79% vs. 16.39%,P=0.02;60.53% vs. 39.34%,P=0.014);靶免组CD
关键词
据国家癌症中心统计资料,肝癌是我国癌症致死的第二大病
回顾性分析2022年5月—12月湖北省中医院收治的137例中晚期不可切除HCC患者资料,137例患者中,61例单纯口服阿帕替尼治疗(靶向组),76例在口服阿帕替尼基础上,同时给予卡瑞利珠单抗静脉滴注(靶免组)。纳入标准:⑴ 符合HCC诊断标
项目 | 靶向组 (n=61) | 靶免组 (n=76) | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|
性别[n(%)] | ||||
男 | 38(62.30) | 51(67.11) | 0.344 | 0.558 |
女 | 23(37.70) | 25(32.89) | ||
年龄(岁,) | 57.92±6.22 | 56.27±6.65 | 1.485 | 0.140 |
乙型肝炎病毒阳性[n(%)] | 56(91.80) | 69(90.79) | 0.044 | 0.835 |
肝硬化[n(%)] | 43(70.49) | 56(73.68) | 0.172 | 0.678 |
肿瘤长径[cm,n(%)] | ||||
≥5 | 47(77.05) | 60(78.95) | 0.071 | 0.789 |
<5 | 14(22.95) | 16(21.05) | ||
多发肿瘤[n(%)] | 8(13.11) | 13(17.11) | 0.415 | 0.519 |
CNLC分期[n(%)] | ||||
IIIa | 52(85.25) | 63(82.89) | 0.139 | 0.710 |
IIIb | 9(14.75) | 13(17.11) | ||
肝功能Child-Pugh分级[n(%)] | ||||
A级 | 29(47.54) | 31(40.79) | 0.627 | 0.429 |
B级 | 32(52.46) | 45(59.21) | ||
体力活动状态评分[n(%)] | ||||
0 | 35(57.38) | 40(52.63) | 0.308 | 0.579 |
1 | 26(42.62) | 36(47.37) | ||
门脉癌栓[n(%)] | 32(52.46) | 44(57.89) | 0.405 | 0.525 |
门静脉高压[n(%)] | 23(37.70) | 29(38.16) | 0.003 | 0.957 |
腹水[n(%)] | 25(40.98) | 33(43.42) | 0.082 | 0.774 |
既往治疗[n(%)] | ||||
手术 | 11(18.03) | 15(19.74) | 0.064 | 0.800 |
索拉非尼 | 39(63.93) | 45(59.21) | 0.318 | 0.573 |
射频消融 | 18(29.51) | 21(27.63) | 0.059 | 0.809 |
TACE | 43(70.49) | 52(68.42) | 0.068 | 0.794 |
靶向组:口服甲磺酸阿帕替尼(江苏恒瑞公司,国药准字H20140105),0.25 g/次,1次/d。发生严重不良反应时减少剂量或停药,不良反应缓解后再恢复用药直到疾病进展或死亡。靶免组:在靶向组基础上,同时给予卡瑞利珠单抗(苏州盛迪亚公司,批号:2019S00365)静脉滴注,200 mg/次,1次/3周。
常规CT或MRI检查观察靶病灶,按mRECIST标
于治疗前及治疗3个月采集空腹静脉血,采用CytoFLEX流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞亚群(CD
靶免组各项疗效指标均优于靶向组;靶免组的ORR与DCR均明显高于靶向组(40.79% vs. 16.39%,P=0.002;60.53% vs. 39.34%,P=0.014)(
组别 | CR | PR | SD | PD | ORR | DCR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
靶向组(n=61) | 0(0.00) | 10(16.39) | 14(22.95) | 37(60.66) | 10(16.39) | 24(39.34) |
靶免组(n=76) | 5(6.58) | 26(34.21) | 15(19.74) | 30(39.47) | 31(40.79) | 46(60.53) |
| — | — | — | — | 9.604 | 6.076 |
P | — | — | — | — | 0.002 | 0.014 |
治疗前两组的各项免疫指标差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);治疗后靶免组CD
组别 | CD | CD | CD | CD | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | |
靶向组(n=61) | 53.51±4.24 | 57.07±4.22 | 31.69±3.56 | 37.96±4.24 | 28.35±3.22 | 24.62±3.56 | 1.32±0.42 | 1.59±0.24 |
靶免组(n=76) | 53.06±4.74 | 60.93±5.06 | 32.14±4.13 | 40.74±4.92 | 27.90±3.63 | 20.98±3.14 | 1.21±0.28 | 1.88±0.31 |
t | 0.579 | 4.772 | 0.673 | 3.493 | 0.758 | 6.353 | 1.832 | 6.002 |
P | 0.564 | <0.001 | 0.502 | <0.001 | 0.450 | <0.001 | 0.069 | <0.001 |
组别 | AFP(μg/L) | GP-73(μg/L) | AFP-L3(mg/L) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | |
靶向组(n=61) | 83.59±5.29 | 56.97±6.24 | 90.58±5.22 | 62.95±6.42 | 152.92±31.82 | 123.18±34.36 |
靶免组(n=76) | 84.11±5.02 | 15.79±4.22 | 91.42±6.53 | 47.94±6.59 | 156.94±29.52 | 79.83±26.57 |
t | 0.588 | 45.932 | 0.817 | 13.402 | 0.765 | 8.328 |
P | 0.557 | <0.001 | 0.416 | <0.001 | 0.446 | <0.001 |
治疗前两组的肝肾功能指标包括总胆红素(TBIL)、白蛋白(ALB)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、肌酐(Cr)、尿酸(UA),差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);治疗后靶免组TBIL、ALT低于靶向组(均P<0.05)(
时间 | TBIL(μmol/L) | ALB(g/L) | ALT(U/L) | AST(U/L) | Cr(μmol/L) | UA(μmol/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
治疗前 | ||||||
靶向组(n=61) | 21.85±5.22 | 36.27±6.22 | 42.86±7.27 | 58.72±8.27 | 57.72±11.28 | 289.73±25.82 |
靶免组(n=76) | 22.52±6.82 | 36.79±5.92 | 41.04±8.35 | 56.26±9.83 | 56.08±12.46 | 285.65±32.68 |
t | 0.633 | 0.461 | 1.342 | 1.561 | 0.798 | 0.796 |
P | 0.528 | 0.645 | 0.182 | 0.121 | 0.426 | 0.428 |
治疗后 | ||||||
靶向组(n=61) | 18.74±7.29 | 35.82±6.28 | 36.27±9.82 | 51.37±7.84 | 52.84±6.25 | 273.27±35.22 |
靶免组(n=76) | 15.26±6.02 | 34.07±6.94 | 27.56±7.96 | 50.84±6.39 | 51.62±7.12 | 266.74±29.73 |
t | 3.060 | 1.530 | 5.735 | 0.436 | 1.052 | 1.578 |
P | 0.003 | 0.128 | <0.001 | 0.664 | 0.295 | 0.117 |
组别 | 腹泻 | 食欲减退 | ALT升高 | 蛋白尿 | 皮肤毛细血管增生症 | 手足综合征 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
靶向组(n=61) | 5(8.20) | 11(18.03) | 10(16.39) | 2(3.28) | 11(18.03) | 3(4.92) |
靶免组(n=76) | 7(9.21) | 16(21.05) | 8(10.53) | 3(3.95) | 32(42.11) | 2(2.63) |
| 0.044 | 0.195 | 1.021 | 0.063 | 9.106 | 0.063 |
P | 0.835 | 0.659 | 0.312 | 0.802 | 0.003 | 0.802 |
两组均随访12~19个月,无失访病例,随访期中位数16个月。靶向组的中位PFS为6个月,靶免组中位PFS为10个月;靶免组PFS长于靶向组(

图1 两组患者的PFS曲线
Figure 1 PFS curves of the two groups of patients
手术是HCC患者首选治疗方案,但大部分患者确诊时缺乏手术指征,必须选择消融、介入及放化疗等非手术治疗方案。肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术(transarterial chemoembolization,TACE)具有微创、安全性高等显著优势,但中晚期HCC患者肝功能已严重受损,肿瘤体积较大,部分已出现肝外转移,接受TACE治疗后仍可能由于病灶残留等原因出现复发,远期疗效仍不理
索拉非尼是治疗HCC的一线药物,可延长生存期,但其治疗应答率仍低,且可能出现耐药性,临床获益有
本研究结果显示,靶免组ORR(40.79%)、DCR(60.53%)均高于靶向组(16.39%、39.34%);两组均随访12个月,靶免组PFS(10个月)长于靶向组(6个月),与已往研
在药物试验阶段,国内Ⅱ期临床试验与全球Ⅲ期试验仅采用ORR、PFS、总生存期作为试验终点评估指
本研究结果显示,治疗后靶免组AFP、GP-73、AFP-L3低于靶向组,提示联合用药可降低HCC患者肿瘤标志物水平。AFP是一种重要的糖蛋白,与机体生长发育密切相关,是评估肝癌的重要指
本研究结果显示,治疗后靶免组TBIL、ALT低于靶向组;靶免组皮肤毛细血管增生症发生率(42.11%)高于靶向组(18.03%)。皮肤毛细血管增生症是一种免疫性炎症反应,与免疫系统过度激活有关,在接受PD-1抑制剂治疗的患者中较为常见。本研究中虽然发生皮肤毛细血管增生症的患者较多,但均症状轻微且自然消退,未影响正常治疗。这证实联合用药方案安全性良好,副作用基本可控与可耐受。
综上,阿帕替尼联合卡瑞利珠可提高中晚期HCC患者免疫功能、降低肿瘤标志物水平、延长生存期,治疗安全性良好。本研究是回顾性分析,样本量较小,随访时间较短,肿瘤标志物下降与联合用药的因果关系可能受各种潜在的混淆因素的影响,研究结果可能存在一定程度选择性偏倚。未来将收集更多病例,增加更多临床病理指标,开展多中心多期随访,对本研究结论进行进一步验证。
作者贡献声明
所有作者均直接参与构思和设计实验;黄大伟、蒋满红、厉晶萍实施研究、采集数据及分析解释数据;黄大伟、江诗怡起草稿件;常玉娟、蒋满红对稿件的知识性内容作批评性审阅及指导。
利益冲突
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
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