摘要
腹股沟疝手术是儿童常见的外科手术之一,单侧腹股沟疝手术后发生异时性对侧腹股沟疝(MCIH)的概率为2.4%~29.0%,因此一些外科医生建议将对侧未闭的鞘状突进行预防性修复,不仅避免嵌顿疝的发生,同时减少全身麻醉的风险以及二次住院的费用;但是有学者认为,需要4~21次不必要的手术才能预防1次对侧腹股沟疝的发生,这将存在过度医疗,同时增加术中睾丸和输精管相关副损伤的危险。因此,本研究主要探讨儿童单侧腹股沟疝术后发生MCIH的影响因素,为单侧腹股沟疝儿童术后MCIH的预防和干预提供依据。
102例儿童单侧腹股沟疝术后出现MCIH患者共14例(13.7%)。MCIH组和非MCIH组在首次发病年龄、是否为低体质量儿、是否为早产儿方面差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,MCIH首发年龄的截断值为3.5岁。单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析显示,首次发病年龄≤3岁(OR=10.382,95% CI=1.591~67.736,P=0.014)及出生时低体质量(OR=16.480,95% CI=2.714~100.056,P=0.002)是发生MCIH的独立危险因素。
关键词
腹股沟疝是小儿外科的常见疾病之一,发病率为0.8%~4.4
回顾性分析2019年1月─2023年9月蚌埠医科大学第二附属医院普通外科收治的102例单侧腹股沟疝患儿的临床资料。其中男性72例,女性30例;年龄1~14岁,中位年龄3岁。纳入标准:⑴ 年龄1~14岁;⑵ 单侧腹股沟疝;⑶ 初次手术者;⑷ 符合手术指征者。排除标准:⑴ 临床资料不完整患者;⑵ 存在感染性疾病者;⑶ 行开放手术治疗患者。手术均由高年资主治及以上医生完成。所有患儿及家长均签署知情同意书。患者选择流程图见

图1 患者选择流程图
根据术后随访结果将102例单侧腹股沟疝患儿分为MCIH组与非MCIH组,若在随访期间患者出现MCIH同时手术侧存在疝复发,则仍是认为MCIH。通过ROC曲线确定MCIH组与非MCIH组的年龄最佳截断值,通过单因素分析确定MCIH的相关危险因素,通过Logistic多因素回归分析确定MCIH独立危险因素。所有患儿术后均随访6个月,随访期间所有患儿家长被要求在发现患儿发生MCIH时到我院就诊行超声检查明确诊断。
接受手术治疗的102例单侧腹股沟疝患儿在随访时间内,共14例出现术后MCIH,发生率为13.7%。102例患儿的临床资料见
特征 | 数值 |
---|---|
性别 | |
男 | 72(70.6) |
女 | 30(29.4) |
首次发病年龄(岁) | |
≤3 | 57(55.9) |
>3 | 45(44.1) |
低体质量儿 | |
是 | 11(10.8) |
否 | 91(89.2) |
早产儿 | |
是 | 15(14.7) |
否 | 87(85.3) |
疝囊位置 | |
左侧 | 47(46.1) |
右侧 | 55(53.9) |
资料 | MCIH (n=14) | 非MCIH (n=88) | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | ||||
男 | 11(78.6) | 61(69.3) | 0.498 | 0.480 |
女 | 3(21.4) | 27(30.7) | ||
首次发病年龄(岁) | ||||
≤3 | 12(85.7) | 45(51.1) | 5.858 | 0.016 |
>3 | 2(14.3) | 43(48.9) | ||
低体质量儿 | ||||
是 | 6(43.9) | 5(5.7) | 17.349 | <0.010 |
否 | 8(57.1) | 83(94.3) | ||
早产儿 | ||||
是 | 5(35.7) | 10(11.4) | 5.710 | 0.017 |
否 | 9(64.3) | 78(88.6) | ||
疝囊位置 | ||||
左侧 | 6(42.9) | 41(46.6) | 0.068 | 0.795 |
右侧 | 8(57.1) | 47(53.4) |
用ROC曲线确定年龄区分MCIH和非MCIH的临界值(

图 2 MCIH首发年龄的ROC曲线
单因素分析结果显示,首次发病年龄、低出生体质量及早产儿与MCIH的发生有关,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)(
因素 | β | SE | Wald | P | OR(95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 0.484 | 0.691 | 0.491 | 0.484 | 1.623(0.419~6.289) |
首次发病年龄 | 1.746 | 0.793 | 4.850 | 0.028 | 5.733(1.212~27.126) |
低体质量儿 | 2.522 | 0.710 | 12.624 | 0.000 | 12.450(3.098~50.037) |
早产儿 | 1.466 | 0.651 | 5.072 | 0.024 | 4.333(1.209~15.525) |
疝囊位置 | -0.151 | 0.581 | 0.068 | 0.795 | 0.860(0.275~2.684) |
以儿童单侧腹股沟疝术后MCIH发生作为因变量(发生=1,未发生=0)。将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,分类变量进行赋值:首次发病年龄(≤3岁=1,>3岁=0),出生时低体质量(是=1,否=0),是否为早产儿(是=1,否=0),结果显示,首次发病年龄≤3岁及低出生体质量是患者术后MCIH发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)(
因素 | β | SE | Wald | P | OR(95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
常量 | -4.311 | 0.967 | 19.864 | 0.000 | 0.013 |
首次发病年龄 | 2.340 | 0.957 | 5.980 | 0.014 | 10.382(1.591~67.736) |
低体质量儿 | 2.802 | 0.920 | 9.272 | 0.002 | 16.480(2.714~100.056) |
早产儿 | 1.407 | 0.859 | 2.683 | 0.101 | 4.084(0.758~21.990) |
单侧腹股沟疝患儿术后发生MCIH一直是小儿外科医生关注的问题。MCIH的治疗需要手术干预,既增加患儿家庭的经济负担又存在手术风险。由于PPV是儿童腹股沟疝发生的主要原因,一些医生主张当患儿首次诊断出单侧腹股沟疝时,在术中应探查对侧腹股沟区域,以发现PPV并予以处理。由于开放手术进行无症状PPV的探查时存在损伤输精管或睾丸血管的风险,腹腔镜手术则可以在术中观察对侧内环口是否存在PPV,如发现存在可以予以同时关闭,而且相关文献已经证实腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎手术安全有
由于纳入标准和随访时间的差异,单侧腹股沟疝患儿术后MCIH发病率报告差异很大,MCIH 的总发病率从5.8%~29.0%不
对于单侧儿童腹股沟疝术后MCIH发生的相关因素,不同学者的研究结果有所不同。一些研
首次发病年龄是影响MCIH发生的另一个相关因素。研
目前,MCIH的发生与对侧PPV之间的关联性仍不十分明确。一些研
综上所述,首次发病年龄≤3岁及低出生体质量是儿童单侧腹股沟疝术后MCIH的独立危险因素,对于此类患儿,手术方式上应考虑选择腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术,以利于术中探查对侧腹股沟内环,防止术后因对侧PPV引起的MCIH 发生,对于术中未发现对侧存在PPV的患儿,术后应密切随访。
作者贡献声明
蒋磊、褚亮,周少波参与研究设计及论文写作;蒋磊、崔云伟参与采集数据、患者随访、数据分析。全体作者参与论文修改与定稿,并同意最终的手稿。
利益冲突
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
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