摘要
肥胖常伴随进食紊乱症状,减重代谢手术虽可改善相关问题,但术后疗效存在显著个体差异,缺乏有效预测指标。肝肾功能及血脂指标与代谢密切相关,或可用于术前风险分层与疗效预测。本研究旨在探讨术前相关代谢指标与进食紊乱症状的关系,进而识别肥胖患者术后的恢复特征,为个体化管理提供理论依据。
纳入2020年9月—2023年6月于上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院接受袖状胃切除术的肥胖患者41例(肥胖组),及同期招募的36名健康志愿者(健康组)。采集受试者的进食障碍调查量表-2(EDI-2)得分及术前血样,测定肝肾功能及血脂指标。采用Mantel检验分析相关性,并基于与EDI-2得分相关的指标进行潜在剖面分析(LPA),识别肥胖组亚群结构,再利用线性混合模型分析术后不同亚群进食紊乱症状的变化轨迹。
肥胖组的胱抑素C、胆碱酯酶、谷氨酰转移酶、甘油三酯和载脂蛋白E水平均显著高于健康组,EDI-2总分亦显著升高(均P<0.05);健康组的前白蛋白水平显著高于肥胖组(P<0.05)。上述六项指标与EDI-2总分呈正相关(均r>0.20,P<0.05)。基于相关指标,LPA将肥胖组分为两类亚群,亚群2的多数代谢指标高于亚群1。术后18个月内,两亚群EDI-2总分均下降,但亚群2的改善起效时间晚于亚群1(分别为术后第6个月、第4个月)。
进食紊乱是以暴食、厌食或补偿性行为等异常饮食模式为特征的疾
肝、肾功能及血脂指标可以反映代谢情况,例如,胱抑素C和谷氨酰转移酶的异常提示肝、肾功能损
研究对象来源于2020年9月—2023年6月在上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院减重代谢外科接受袖状胃切除术且常规随访的肥胖患者41例(肥胖组),以及同时段36名来自本市社会招募的健康受试者(健康组)。肥胖组纳入标准:⑴ 体质量指数(BMI)≥30 kg/
本研究已获得上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院伦理委员会批准[伦理批号:NO.2020-219-(1)]。所有程序都遵循《赫尔辛基宣言》。
收集健康组及肥胖组研究对象术前的年龄、性别、身高、体质量、BMI、EDI-2问卷数据及血清样本用于检测肝、肾功能及血脂。肥胖组术后随访18个月并收集EDI-2问卷数据。血清样本由上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院减重代谢外科完成血液样本采集后离心取上清保存于-80 ℃冰箱。
EDI-2常用于评估进食紊乱症状的认知和行为特征,包含91个项目,分为11个分量表:三个分量表评估与进食紊乱症状相关的行为因素(追求瘦身、贪食、对身体不满意),八个分量表评估与进食紊乱症状相关的心理因素(无效能感、完美主义、人际不信任、内感受、成熟恐惧、禁欲主义、冲动调节、社会不安全感
本研究均采用SPSS 22.0软件、jamovi 2.4.11软件进行数据分析。符合正态分布的计量数据以均数±标准差()表示,方差齐性时采用Student t检验,方差不齐时采用Welch t检验;不符合正态分布的计量资料以中位数(四分位间距)[M(IQR)]表示,采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料用例(百分比)[n(%)]表示,采用
健康组与肥胖组的性别、年龄,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。肥胖组胱抑素C、载脂蛋白B、LDL-C、ALT、AST、乳酸脱氢酶、胆碱酯酶、谷氨酰转移酶、尿酸、TC、甘油三酯、载脂蛋白E水平均明显高于健康组(均P<0.05);DBIL、ALB、A/G、HDL-C、载脂蛋白A、前白蛋白水平均明显低于健康组(均P<0.05);肥胖组EDI-2总分明显高于健康组(P=0.001)(
项目 | 肥胖组(n=41) | 健康组(n=36) | t/ | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
性别[n(%)] | ||||
女 | 33(80.49) | 30(83.33) | 0.103 | 0.748 |
男 | 8(19.51) | 6(16.67) | ||
BMI(kg/ | 39.12±4.43 | 21.28±1.70 | 23.86 | <0 .001 |
年龄[岁,M(IQR)] | 27.42(24.25~32.82) | 28.27(25.66~32.03) | 695 | 0.666 |
胱抑素C(mg/L,) | 0.80±0.14 | 0.72±0.10 | 2.97 | 0.004 |
DBIL(μmol/L,) | 2.52±1.092 | 3.23±1.33 | -2.57 | 0.012 |
ALB(g/L,) | 43.90±3.66 | 46.33±2.93 | -3.19 | 0.002 |
总蛋白(g/L,) | 72.65±5.21 | 73.95±4.18 | -1.19 | 0.237 |
HDL-C(mmol/L,) | 1.04±0.24 | 1.36±0.25 | -5.7 | < 0.001 |
载脂蛋白A(g/L,) | 1.28±0.17 | 1.451±0.17 | -4.54 | < 0.001 |
载脂蛋白B(g/L,) | 0.95±0.20 | 0.69±0.14 | 6.48 | <0.001 |
LDL-C(mmo/L,) | 3.51±0.85 | 2.55±0.66 | 5.49 | <0.001 |
TBIL(μmol/L,) | 6.90(4.90~8.70) | 7.90(4.90~9.63) | 665 | 0.459 |
A/G [M(IQR)] | 1.50(1.40~1.70) | 1.65(1.58~1.83) | 475 | 0.007 |
BUN [mmol/L,M(IQR)] | 4.80(3.90~5.20) | 4.75(4.08~5.53) | 682 | 0.567 |
碱性磷酸酶[g/L,M(IQR)] | 6.00(5.00~6.00) | 5.00(4.00~6.00) | 602 | 0.159 |
视黄醇结合蛋白[mg/L,M(IQR)] | 35.00(30.00~44.00) | 35.50(31.00~39.25) | 681 | 0.56 |
ALT [U/L,M(IQR)] | 38.00(19.00~64.00) | 11.00(8.00~15.25) | 172 | <0.001 |
AST [U/L,M(IQR)] | 34.00(26.00~49.00) | 18.50(16.00~24.00) | 175 | <0.001 |
乳酸脱氢酶[U/L,M(IQR)] | 229.00(167.00~256.00) | 172.50(144.00~198.75) | 486 | 0.01 |
胆碱酯酶[U/L,M(IQR)] | 435.00(375.00~506.00) | 330.00(284.50~380.75) | 249 | <0.001 |
谷氨酰转移酶[U/L,M(IQR)] | 37.00(26.00~63.00) | 16.00(12.00~19.25) | 150 | <0.001 |
尿酸[μmol/L,M(IQR)] | 410.00(368.00~431.00) | 297.00(261.00~345.25) | 257 | <0.001 |
SCr [μmol/L,M(IQR)] | 58.10(48.70~61.80) | 56.95(54.28~65.17) | 594 | 0.143 |
前白蛋白[mg/L,M(IQR)] | 230.00(210.00~264.00) | 249.00(235.75~265.50) | 544 | 0.048 |
TC[mmol/L,M(IQR)] | 4.85(4.29~5.72) | 4.22(3.76~5.04) | 410 | <0.001 |
甘油三酯[mmol/L,M(IQR)] | 1.49(0.98~1.94) | 0.86(0.55~1.27) | 372 | <0.001 |
载脂蛋白E [g/L,M(IQR)] | 4.29(3.62~4.89) | 3.56(2.99~4.57) | 486 | 0.01 |
EDI-2总分[M(IQR)] | 11.03(8.65~13.65) | 8.44(7.33~10.32) | 422 | 0.001 |
结果显示,肥胖组EDI-2总分与胱抑素C(r=0.29,P=0.002)、胆碱酯酶(r=0.42,P=0.011)、谷氨酰转移酶(r=0.30,P=0.007)、前白蛋白(r=0.36,P=0.009)、甘油三酯(r=0.53,P=0.012)、载脂蛋白E(r=0.51,P=0.002)间存在明显正向相关关系(
指标 | EDI-2总分 | 指标 | EDI-2总分 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | P | r | P | |||
DBIL | -0.04 | 0.611 | 乳酸脱氢酶 | -0.06 | 0.737 | |
ALB | 0.01 | 0.408 | 胆碱酯酶 | 0.42 | 0.011 | |
HDL-C | 0.02 | 0.377 | 谷氨酰转移酶 | 0.30 | 0.007 | |
载脂蛋白A | 0.11 | 0.092 | 尿素 | -0.05 | 0.648 | |
载脂蛋白B | -0.05 | 0.707 | 前白蛋白 | 0.36 | 0.009 | |
胱抑素C | 0.29 | 0.002 | TC | 0.02 | 0.338 | |
A/G | -0.02 | 0.533 | LDL-C | -0.09 | 0.884 | |
ALT | 0.04 | 0.22 | 甘油三酯 | 0.53 | 0.012 | |
AST | -0.01 | 0.431 | 载脂蛋白E | 0.51 | 0.002 |
纳入胱抑素C、胆碱酯酶、谷氨酰转移酶、前白蛋白、甘油三酯、载脂蛋白E等指标进行LPA,以探索其潜在的亚群结构。当将肥胖组患者分为3个亚群时,赤池信息量准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)和贝叶斯信息量准则(Bayesian information criterion,BIC)最小,Entropy更接近于1,且BLRT P<0.01(
模型 | 亚群数 | AIC | BIC | Entropy | BLRT P | 类别概率 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 1 535.72 | 1 556.28 | 1.00 | — | — |
1 | 2 | 1 429.37 | 1 461.92 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.98/0.02 |
1 | 3 | 1 388.60 | 1 433.16 | 0.93 | 0.01 | 0.58/0.40/0.02 |
1 | 4 | 1 392.81 | 1 449.36 | 0.92 | 0.62 | 0.44/0.30/0.24/0.02 |
注: AIC和BIC是评估模型拟合优度和复杂度的指标,值越小,该模型被认为是在平衡复杂性与拟合优度方面更优的选择。Entropy是衡量分类清晰度的指标,值越高表示分类越清晰。BLRT通过比较两个嵌套模型(例如,k类别模型vs. k-1类别模型)的似然比,评估增加类别数是否显著改善模型拟合,P值用于判断增加类别数的统计显著性:如果P<0.05,表明增加类别数显著改善了模型拟合,支持使用更多类别的模型,如果P≥0.05,表明增加类别数并未显著改善模型拟合,应选择更简单的模型(较少类别)
Note: AIC and BIC are indices used to evaluate model fit and complexity; lower values indicate a better balance between goodness of fit and model simplicity. Entropy measures the clarity of classification, with higher values indicating better-defined classes. The BLRT (Bootstrap Likelihood Ratio Test) compares two nested models (e.g., a k-class model vs. a k-1-class model) to assess whether increasing the number of classes significantly improves model fit. A P-value <0.05 suggests that adding more classes significantly improves the model and supports the use of a more complex model, whereas P≥0.05 indicates no significant improvement, and a simpler model (with fewer classes) should be preferred

图1 肥胖患者亚群结构
Figure 1 Subgroup structure of obese patients
项目 | 亚群1(n=24) | 亚群2(n=16) | t/ | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
性别[n(%)] | ||||
女 | 21(87.50) | 11(68.75) | 2.06 | 0.152 |
男 | 3(12.50) | 5(31.35) | ||
BMI(kg/ | 39.60±4.86 | 38.20±3.76 | 1.007 | 0.320 |
年龄(岁,) | 28.4±5.74 | 30.20±6.23 | -0.912 | 0.367 |
胱抑素C(mg/L,) | 0.78±0.12 | 0.86±0.14 | -1.75 | 0.088 |
胆碱酯酶(U/L,) | 401.33±63.92 | 476.31±54.12 | -3.86 | <0.001 |
谷氨酰转移酶(U/L,) | 32.00±16.01 | 60.81±20.36 | -5 | <0.001 |
前白蛋白(mg/L,) | 217.00±30.84 | 257.94±34.45 | -3.93 | <0.001 |
甘油三酯(mmol/L,) | 1.12±0.38 | 2.24±0.54 | -7.29 | <0.001 |
载脂蛋白E(g/L,) | 3.88±0.76 | 4.87±0.64 | -4.27 | <0.001 |
EDI-2总分() | 11.60±3.64 | 10.80±3.31 | 0.725 | 0.473 |
采用线性混合模型分析亚群1(胆碱酯酶、谷氨酰转移酶、前白蛋白、甘油三酯、载脂蛋白E低)和亚群2(胆碱酯酶、谷氨酰转移酶、前白蛋白、甘油三酯、载脂蛋白E高)术后18个月内EDI-2总分的变化情况。
与术前EDI-2总分相比,亚群1从术后第2个月开始,分数明显降低(t=-2.987,P=0.003),但到术后第3个月,分数差异无统计学意义(t=-0.730,P=0.467);从术后第4个月(t=-2.990,P=0.003)到术后第18个月(t=-4.470,P<0.001),分数明显降低且保持稳定(

图2 减重代谢手术后18个月内各亚群EDI-2总分变化 A:亚群1 EDI-2总分随术后时间增加的变化情况;B:亚群2 EDI-2总分随术后时间增加的变化情况;C:亚群1和亚群2 EDI-2总分随术后时间增加的变化情况
Figure 2 Changes in EDI-2 total scores within 18 months after bariatric metabolic surgery A: Changes in EDI-2 total scores over time in subgroup 1; B: Changes in EDI-2 total scores over time in subgroup 2; C: Comparison of EDI-2 total score changes over time between subgroup 1 and subgroup 2
尽管肥胖尚未被正式归类为进食紊乱,但大量研究表明,肥胖与进食紊乱之间存在密切关
研究表明,减重代谢手术后进食紊乱症状可得到明显改善。Gradaschi
但也有研
本研究发现肥胖患者术前胆碱酯酶、谷氨酰转移酶、甘油三酯、前白蛋白和载脂蛋白E水平与进食紊乱症状严重程度呈正相关。有研究发现胆碱酯酶活性升高与高碳水化合物饮食相
基于上述术前采集的肝、肾功能及血脂指标,本研究采用LPA模型区分了肥胖患者的不同亚群,发现术前指标高的亚群,其术后进食紊乱症状可能需要更长时间才能达到显著的临床缓解,这可能与术前指标能够影响神经内分泌调节和进食行为有关。胆碱酯酶活性升高与代谢综合征相关,可能通过影响胆碱能系统的神经传递和食欲调控加剧进食紊
部分研
综上所述,本研究通过术前常规检测获得的胆碱酯酶、谷氨酰转移酶、甘油三酯、前白蛋白和载脂蛋白E水平可对肥胖患者进行亚群划分,具有较高的临床可操作性,并揭示了不同亚群术后进食紊乱症状的改善存在差异,为个体化术后管理策略的制定提供了理论支持。
作者贡献声明
张惠淋负责分析数据,起草文章;许听负责收集、统计病例;王晨、张弘伟、狄建忠对文章的知识性内容作批评性审阅。
利益冲突
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
参考文献
Spry G, McIntosh A, Gadd N, et al. Association between disordered eating and clinical outcomes following a surgical or endoscopic bariatric procedure: a real-world exploratory study[J]. Obes Sci Pract, 2023, 9(6):590-600. doi:10.1002/osp4.691. [百度学术]
Schruff MA, Himes SM, Reilly-Harrington NA, et al. Sleep and aberrant eating behaviors in metabolic/bariatric presurgical candidates[J]. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2024, 20(10):910-915. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2024.06.003. [百度学术]
Courcoulas AP, Daigle CR, Arterburn DE. Long term outcomes of metabolic/bariatric surgery in adults[J]. BMJ, 2023, 383:e071027. doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-071027. [百度学术]
Dixit U, Love AA, Henderson RR, et al. A latent class analysis of negative emotional eating in bariatric surgery candidates[J]. Appetite, 2025, 208:107907. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2025.107907. [百度学术]
Dunford A, Ivezaj V, Grilo CM. Shape discrepancy, weight bias internalization, and eating-disorder psychopathology in patients with loss-of-control eating after bariatric surgery[J]. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2024, 20(3):291-296. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2023.09.028. [百度学术]
Yu Y, Yeh KL, Kalarchian MA, et al. Experiences of loss of control eating in women after bariatric surgery: a qualitative study[J]. Int J Eat Disord, 2023, 56(6):1145-1155. doi:10.1002/eat.23912. [百度学术]
朱艳, 刘学奎, 隋淼, 等. 成人2型糖尿病患者血清同型半胱氨酸与高尿酸血症发生风险的相关性分析[J]. 中国实用医药, 2023, 18(12):64-68. doi:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2023.12.018. [百度学术]
Zhu Y, Liu XK, Sui M, et al. Correlation between serum homocysteine and risk of hyperuricemia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. China Practical Medicine, 2023, 18(12):64-68. doi:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2023.12.018. [百度学术]
Huo YX, Wei W, Liu Y, et al. Serum cystatin C levels are associated with obesity in adolescents aged 14-17 years[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2022, 13:816201. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.816201. [百度学术]
Chiyanika C, Shumbayawonda E, Pansini M, et al. Gamma-glutamyl transferase: a potential biomarker for pancreas steatosis in patients with concurrent obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease[J]. Clin Obes, 2025, 15(1):e12712. doi:10.1111/cob.12712. [百度学术]
Cui C, Liu L, Qi Y, et al. Joint association of TyG index and high sensitivity C-reactive protein with cardiovascular disease: a national cohort study[J]. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2024, 23(1):156. doi:10.1186/s12933-024-02244-9. [百度学术]
Pitchika A, Markus MRP, Schipf S, et al. Longitudinal association of Apolipoprotein E polymorphism with lipid profile, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: Results from a 15 year follow-up study[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2022, 185:109778. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109778. [百度学术]
Maher T, Clegg ME. A systematic review and meta-analysis of medium-chain triglycerides effects on acute satiety and food intake[J]. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2021, 61(4):636-648. doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1742654. [百度学术]
Burstein D, Griffen TC, Therrien K, et al. Genome-wide analysis of a model-derived binge eating disorder phenotype identifies risk loci and implicates iron metabolism[J]. Nat Genet, 2023, 55(9):1462-1470. doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01464-1. [百度学术]
Dönmez RB, Demirel TN, Bilgin C, et al. Comparative and predictive analysis of clinical and metabolic features of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa[J]. Addict Health, 2023, 15(4):230-239. doi:10.34172/ahj.2023.1466. [百度学术]
Stheneur C, Blanchet C, Mattar L, et al. Determinants and risk factors for renal damage: where do patients hospitalized for severe anorexia nervosa stand?A multi-center study[J]. J Eat Disord, 2024, 12(1):72. doi:10.1186/s40337-024-01024-w. [百度学术]
Boccolini G, Marino M, Tiberi V, et al. A risk profile for disordered eating behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a latent class analysis study[J]. Nutrients, 2023, 15(7):1721. doi:10.3390/nu15071721. [百度学术]
常雅舒, 李可意, 倪志宏. 新疆南疆地区代谢综合征患者健康管理行为的潜在剖面分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(12): 1475-1483. doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.010. [百度学术]
Chang YS, Li KY, Ni ZH. Potential profile analysis of health management behaviors of patients with metabolic syndrome in southern Xinjiang[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(12):1475-1483. doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.010. [百度学术]
Wan H, Wu H, Wei Y, et al. Novel lipid profiles and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: insights from a latent profile analysis[J]. Lipids Health Dis, 2025, 24(1):71. doi:10.1186/s12944-025-02471-3. [百度学术]
郑理匀, 陈超, 张大荣, 等. 进食障碍患者临床表现的性别差异分析[J]. 中华精神科杂志, 2024, 57(10): 669-677. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20231223-00259. [百度学术]
Zheng LY, Chen C, Zhang DR, et al. Gender differences of clinical manifestations in patients with eating disorders[J]. Chinese Journal of Psychiatry, 2024, 57(10):669-677. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20231223-00259. [百度学术]
Nakhoul TB, Mina A, Soufia M, et al. Correction to: restrained eating in Lebanese adolescents: scale validation and correlates[J]. BMC Pediatr, 2022, 22(1):232. doi:10.1186/s12887-022-03211-7. [百度学术]
韶济民, 张海燕, 李奇, 等. 四川烤烟游离氨基酸含量特征及其与烟叶品质关联分析[J]. 南方农业学报, 2023, 54(8):2279-2288. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2023.08.009. [百度学术]
Shao JM, Zhang HY, Li Q, et al. Free amino acids content characteristics and their association with leaf quality of Sichuan flue-cured tobacco[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2023, 54(8):2279-2288. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2023.08.009. [百度学术]
刘玥, 徐雷, 刘红云, 等. 置信区间宽度等高线图在线性混合效应模型样本量规划中的应用[J]. 心理学报, 2024, 56(1):124-138. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.00124. [百度学术]
Liu Y, Xu L, Liu HY, et al. Confidence interval width contours: Sample size planning for linear mixed-effects models[J]. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2024, 56(1):124-138. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.00124. [百度学术]
中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会医政司. 肥胖症诊疗指南(2024年版)[J]. 中华消化外科杂志, 2024, 23(10):1237-1260. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20241017-00455. [百度学术]
Department of Medical Administration, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of obesity (2024 edition)[J]. Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery, 2024, 23(10):1237-1260. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20241017-00455. [百度学术]
中国医师协会外科医师分会肥胖和代谢病外科专家工作组, 中国医师协会外科医师分会胃食管反流疾病诊疗外科专家工作组, 日本肥胖治疗学会, 等. 袖状胃切除术患者胃食管反流病诊治中日韩专家上海共识(2024版)[J]. 中国普通外科杂志, 2024, 33(10):1547-1566. doi:10.7659/j.issn.1005-6947.2024.10.001. [百度学术]
Chinese Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (CSMBS), Chinese Society for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (CSGERD), Japanese Society for Treatment of Obesity (JSTO), et al. The Shanghai consensus of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Experts on the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (2024 edition)[J]. China Journal of General Surgery, 2024, 33(10):1547-1566. doi:10.7659/j.issn.1005-6947.2024.10.001. [百度学术]
汪赓, 李钢, 白洁, 等. 极度肥胖患者减重代谢手术术式选择的争议与思考[J]. 中国普通外科杂志, 2022, 31(10):1272-1284. doi:10.7659/j.issn.1005-6947.2022.10.002. [百度学术]
Wang G, Li G, Bai J, et al. Controversies and considerations regarding type choice of bariatric surgical procedures for extremely obese patients[J]. China Journal of General Surgery, 2022, 31(10):1272-1284. doi:10.7659/j.issn.1005-6947.2022.10.002. [百度学术]
Weibert E, Hofmann T, Elbelt U, et al. NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is associated with severity of eating disorder symptoms in female patients with obesity[J]. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2022, 143:105842. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105842. [百度学术]
Joshi V, Graziani P, Del-Monte J. Interoceptive sensibility, intuitive eating, binge, and disordered eating behavior among individuals with obesity: a comparative study with the general population[J]. J Health Psychol, 2025, 30(2):199-211. doi:10.1177/13591053241237900. [百度学术]
Gradaschi R, Molinari V, Sukkar SG, et al. Disordered eating and weight loss after bariatric surgery[J]. Eat Weight Disord, 2020, 25(5):1191-1196. doi:10.1007/s40519-019-00749-x. [百度学术]
Figura A, Rose M, Ordemann J, et al. Changes in self-reported eating patterns after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a pre-post analysis and comparison with conservatively treated patients with obesity[J]. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2017, 13(2):129-137. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2016.08.003. [百度学术]
Maxim M, Soroceanu RP, Vlăsceanu VI, et al. Dietary habits, obesity, and bariatric surgery: a review of impact and interventions[J]. Nutrients, 2025, 17(3):474. doi: 10.3390/nu17030474. [百度学术]
Koball AM, Ames GE, Fitzsimmons AJ, et al. Food cravings after bariatric surgery: comparing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and roux-en-Y gastric bypass[J]. Eat Weight Disord, 2024, 29(1):7. doi:10.1007/s40519-023-01636-2. [百度学术]
Allison KC, Wu J, Spitzer JC, et al. Changes in eating behaviors and their relation to weight change 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery[J]. Obes Surg, 2023, 33(3):733-742. doi:10.1007/s11695-022-06442-w. [百度学术]
Taba JV, Suzuki MO, Nascimento FSD, et al. The Development of Feeding and Eating Disorders after Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis[J]. Nutrients, 2021, 13(7):2396. doi:10.3390/nu13072396. [百度学术]
Klapsas M, Hindle A. Patients' pre and post-bariatric surgery experience of dieting behaviours: implications for early intervention[J]. Obes Surg, 2023, 33(9):2702-2710. doi:10.1007/s11695-023-06689-x. [百度学术]
Villeda-González JD, Gómez-Olivares JL, Baiza-Gutman LA. New paradigms in the study of the cholinergic system and metabolic diseases: Acetyl-and-butyrylcholinesterase[J]. J Cell Physiol, 2024, 239(8):e31274. doi:10.1002/jcp.31274. [百度学术]
Solís-Pérez E, Mar-Buruato AM, Tijerina-Sáenz A, et al. Adipokines and gamma-glutamyl transferase as biomarkers of metabolic syndrome risk in Mexican school-aged children[J]. Nutrients, 2024, 16(24):4410. doi:10.3390/nu16244410. [百度学术]
Pardo E, Jabaudon M, Godet T, et al. Dynamic assessment of prealbumin for nutrition support effectiveness in critically ill patients[J]. Clin Nutr, 2024, 43(6):1343-1352. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.015. [百度学术]
Gibson D, Stein A, Khatri V, et al. Associations between low body weight, weight loss, and medical instability in adults with eating disorders[J]. Int J Eat Disord, 2024, 57(4):869-878. doi: 10.1002/eat.24129. [百度学术]
Han Y, Ma Y, Liu Y, et al. Plasma cholinesterase is associated with Chinese adolescent overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome prediction[J]. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, 2019, 12:685-702. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S201594. [百度学术]
Lizarbe-Lezama ML, Rodriguez-Macedo JE, Fernandez-Guzman D, et al. Association between gamma glutamyl transpeptidase to HDL-Cholesterol (GGT/HDL-C) ratio and metabolic syndrome resolution after sleeve gastrectomy[J]. Diab Vasc Dis Res, 2024, 21(3):14791641241252553. doi:10.1177/14791641241252553. [百度学术]
Berland C, Montalban E, Perrin E, et al. Circulating triglycerides gate dopamine-associated behaviors through DRD2-expressing neurons[J]. Cell Metab, 2020, 31(4):773-790. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.010. [百度学术]
Ghafouri-Taleghani F, Tafreshi AS, Doost AH, et al. Effects of probiotic supplementation added to a weight loss program on anthropometric measures, body composition, eating behavior, and related hormone levels in patients with food addiction and weight regain after bariatric surgery: a randomized clinical trial[J]. Obes Surg, 2024, 34(9):3181-3194. doi:10.1007/s11695-024-07437-5. [百度学术]
Mauro MFFP, Papelbaum M, Brasil MAA, et al. Mental health and weight regain after bariatric surgery: associations between weight regain and psychiatric and eating-related comorbidities[J]. Arch Endocrinol Metab, 2024, 68:e230208. doi:10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0208. [百度学术]
Smith CE, Dilip A, Ivezaj V, et al. Predictors of early weight loss in post-bariatric surgery patients receiving adjunctive behavioural treatments for loss-of-control eating[J]. Clin Obes, 2023, 13(4):e12603. doi:10.1111/cob.12603. [百度学术]